Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems

21.    Phenytoin:

a.     has saturable metabolic kinetics.

b.     is usually better absorbed by intramuscular injection than by oral route.

c.    can cause hirsutism on prolonged use. 

d.    is used often with phenobarbitone in grand mal epilepsy.

22.    Sodium valproate:

a.     may aggravate grand mal epilepsy.

b.     is effective in petit mal absences and myoclonic epilepsy.

c.     can potentiate concurrently administered phenobarbitone.

d.     increases brain GABA.

23.    The pharmacological effects of morphine include:

a.     a decrease in sensitivity of respiratory center to CO2.

b.     miosis.

c.     constipation.

d.     diuresis.

24.   Enkephalins:

a.     are pentapeptides with opiate-like activity.

b.     can be considered to be neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.

c.     have analgesic actions.

d.     are endogenous opioids.

25.    Naloxone:

a.      is a more potent opioid antagonist than naltrexone.

b.      is active orally.

c.      will precipitate a withdrawal syndrome in a morphine addict.

d.      pure antagonist at all opioid receptors.

26.    The tricyclic antidepressants:

a.      are capable of enhancing the effects of phenothiazines.

b.      unlike the MAO inhibitors have no mood-elevating effect when given to normal subjects.

c.      at therapeutic doses can cause blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation and urinary retention.

d.      imipramine can be given together with oral contraceptives.

27.    Digoxin can produce the following effects:

a.      nausea.

b.      bradycardia.

c.      lengthening of QT interval on the ECG.

d.      tachycardia.

28.    Digoxin:

a.      is excreted mainly unchanged by the kidneys.

b.      is greater bound to plasma protein than digitoxin.

c.      is better absorbed than digitoxin following oral administration.

d.      undergoes enterohepatic cycling to a greater extent than digitoxin.

29.    The following drugs increase myocardial excitability:

a.      adrenaline.

b.      potassium.

c.      verapamil.

d.      lignocaine.

30.    Procainamide:

a.      is as rapidly hydrolyzed by pseudocholinesterase as possible.

b.      is used as a local anaesthetic.

c.      decrease myocardial excitability.

d.      given intravenously can cause a fall in blood pressure.

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