Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems

11.    The following unwanted effects may result from the use of glyceryl trinitrate:

a.     headache.

b.    hypertensive crisis.

c.    palpitations.

d.    dizziness.

12.    Direct effects of quinidine on the heart include:

a.     slowed AV conduction.

b.     increase myocardial excitability.

c.     diminished myocardial contractility.

d.     lengthening of the refractory period.

13.    Thiazide diuretics:

a.     have an anti-hypertensive effect.

b.     produce a marked diuresis of short stature.

c.     may cause hyperglycaemia.

d.     act mainly at the ascending limb of loop of Henle.

14.   The following anti-hypertensive agents are known to cause CNS depression:

a.     reserpine.

b.     thiazides.

c.     hydralazine.

d.     clonidine.

15.    Phenytoin:

a.      is used for grand mal seizures.

b.      elimination kinetics can change from first-order to zero order as the dose is increased.

c.      has anti-arrhythmic effects.

d.      can cause gum hypertrophy on prolonged usage.

16.    Naloxone:

a.      is a competitive opiate antagonist.

b.      antagonizes the respiratory depression produced by morphine.

c.      will precipitate a withdrawal syndrome in a chronic heroin user.

d.      will potentiate the actions of endorphins.

17.    The following general anaesthetic agents are explosive:

a.      ether.

b.      di-vinyl ether.

c.      nitrous oxide.

d.      halothane.

18.    Heparin:

a.      is destroyed when taken orally.

b.      does not cross the placenta.

c.      is longer-acting than warfarin.

d.      acts by decrease in synthesis of clotting factors. 

19.    Tricyclic antidepressants:

a.      are used for treating childhood enuresis.

b.      have long onset of action.

c.      produce euphoria in normal individuals.

d.      cause tachycardia.

20.    The pharmacokinetic properties of benzodiazepines include the following:

a.      diazepam is absorbed faster than oxazepam after oral administration.

b.      N-desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam) is an active metabolite of several benzodiazepines.

c.      temazepam has a shorter plasma half-life than diazepam.

d.      elimination of long-acting compounds are likely to decrease in the presence of liver disease.

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