Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems
1. The following drugs block the uptake of noradrenaline at nerve endings:
a. amitryptiline.
b. cocaine.
c. chlorpromazine.
d. tyramine.
2. Heparin:
a. is not administered orally.
b. is active only in vitro.
c. has a longer half-life than warfarin sodium.
d. crosses the placenta.
3. Warfarin sodium:
a. is usually given parenterally.
b. decreases the synthesis of prothrombin.
c. is antagonized by Vitamin K.
d. has a long onset of action.
4. Morphine:
a. produces a rise in the threshold for pain tolerance.
b. causes alteration in the reaction to pain.
c. produces relief from visceral, somatic and cutaneous pain.
d. is more effective for sharp, intermittent pain than dull constant pain.
5. Respiratory tract irritation is characteristic during induction of anaesthesia with:
a. halothane.
b. nitrous oxide.
c. cyclopropane.
d. enflurane.
6. Nitrous oxide:
a. can form explosive mixtures with ether.
b. produces surgical anaesthesia only if administered at greater than 90%
c. is usually administered with oxygen to prevent serious anoxia.
d. can produce fantasies during induction.
7. Benzodiazepines:
a. have specific anti-anxiety effects than other sedatives-hypnotics.
b. show major qualitative differences in their pharmacodynamic properties.
c. do not cause drug dependence.
d. have a high margin of safety which is increased when taken with alcohol.
8. Intravenous thiopentone:
a. is ultra-short acting because it is rapidly metabolized.
b. can cause larygnospasm.
c. is used as an induction agent for general anaesthesia.
d. is highly lipid-soluble.
9. The following general anaesthetics can sensitize the myocardium to the effects of circulating catecholamines:
a. ether.
b. cycloproprane.
c. halothane.
d. trichloroethylene.
10. Enkephalins:
a. are pentapeptides with morphine-like activity.
b. have a longer duration of analgesic action compared to beta endorphin.
c. are antagonized by naloxone.
d. are degraded by carboxypeptidases and aminopeptidases.