Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems
1. The following drugs block the uptake of noradrenaline at nerve endings:
a. T
b. T
c. T
d. T
2. Heparin:
a. T: is usually given parenterally.
b. F:
c. F: has a half-life of 60 min compared to warfarin's of 36h.
d. F: does not cross the placenta and is the coagulant of choice in pregnant women.
3. Warfarin sodium:
a. F: given orally.
b. T: inhibits the gamma-decarboxylation of Factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X and proteins C and S.
c. T: structural analogue of Vitamin K competing with it for the active site of the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide reductase.
d. T: indirect-acting, takes up to 72h for anticoagulant effects to occur as time is needed for the functional clotting factors in the blood to be used up.
4. Morphine:
a. F: alters the emotional response to pain; patient still feels pain but is less affected by it.
b. T
c. T
d. F
5. Respiratory tract irritation is characteristic during induction of anaesthesia with:
a. F
b. F
c. F
d. F
6. Nitrous oxide:
a. F: it is nonflammable and non-explosive.
b. F: does not produce surgical anaesthesia even at maximum dose.
c. T
d. F
7. Benzodiazepines:
a. T
b. F
c. F
d. F
8. Intravenous thiopentone:
a. F: extensive distribution in brain and other organs.
b. T: coughing, sneezing or laryngospasm may occur during induction.
c. T
d. T
9. The following general anaesthetics can sensitize the myocardium to the effects of circulating catecholamines:
a. F
b. F
c. F
d. F
10. Enkephalins:
a. T
b. F
c. T
d. T