Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems
31. The following are direct vasodilators:
a. T
b. T
c. T
d. F: acts on central alpha2 receptors to decrease sympathetic discharge.
32. The following actions contribute to the anti-anginal effect of glyceryl trinitrate:
a. T: venodilation and venous pooling reduces venous return to the heart resulting in a decrease in ventricular end-diastolic pressure and heart size.
b. F
c. T: arteriolar dilation reduces peripheral resistance and myocardial workload and further reducing myocardial demand for oxygen.
d. F
33. Isosorbide dinitrate:
a. T
b. T
c. F: duration of action is 1h compared to glyceryl trinitrate's 30min.
d. F: results in reflex tachycardia due to drop in blood pressure.
34. Frusemide:
a. F: acts on thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle.
b. T
c. T
d. F: cause hyperglycaemia indirectly via decreasing potassium levels.
35. The anti-coagulant activity of warfarin sodium:
a. F: warfarin is not active in vitro due to the absence of its substrate, the Vitamin K epoxide reductase which is only found in the liver.
b. F: anti-coagulation is delayed until the functioning clotting factors present in the circulation have been used up.
c. T: displaced from protein binding sites.
d. T: oral contraceptives increase synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, thereby decreasing the clinical efficacy of warfarin.
36. Heparin:
a. F
b. T
c. T
d. F: is monitored by the KCCT (Kaolin cephalin-clotting time).
37. The anticoagulant activity of warfarin can be potentiated by:
a. F: phenylbutazone is an NSAID with anti-platelet action.
b. T: accelerates warfarin metabolism.
c. T
d. F
38. Chlorpromazine has the following pharmacological actions:
a. T
b. T
c. F : chlorpromazine is an anti-emetic effective against both drug and disease-induced vomiting.
d. T: blocks dopamine, alpha, muscarinic, serotonin and histamine receptors.
39. The following are potassium-losing diuretics:
a. T
b. F
c. T
d. F
40. Barbiturates:
a. T
b. T
c. F: like all sedatives-hypnotics, barbiturates suppress REM sleep.
d. T