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Controversy
It seems incredible then how Wal-Mart is accused of sexual discrimination and illegal labour practices when the organisational culture is based in Walton�s philosophy of hard work, loyalty, frugality and continuous self-improvement. The culture, according to one Wal-Mart employee was that �You ate, breathed, and lived Wal-Mart. Out of a desire to be the best. It is a sacrifice.�[1]  Although this account was made in a positive context, it does highlight the company�s vulnerability to abuse.
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While many of these claims emerged after Walton�s death, Freeman (2004) believes they were established by Walton in the very beginning.[2] It all becomes speculative after this point. Walton was unique in that he was able to instill a whole value-system. However, it seems that only Walton could work it so well, that is, he seemed to keep things in check. Walton was aware that cutting costs was essential and that the biggest drain on overhead was payroll, yet it seemed to be his intention to do good for and by his associates. Even Walton�s dislike for unions was balanced out by his belief of being able to do a better job for his associates.
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Walton�s claim to business success can be attributed to his empowering leadership style. To Sam Walton, his success is credited to his associates. Walton�s humility and belief in people returned commitment and loyalty from his associates. Walton�s drive to push costs lower earned him a substantial market share. Walton�s philosophies continue to drive the company even after the retailing magnate�s death almost 14 years ago. To leave such a legacy, highlights the strength of Walton�s influence. Despite the controversy that would follow Wal-Mart, the real question of blame lies with the intent of the leader. By all accounts, it seems Walton was genuine and consequently, a good leader.
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References:
[1] Fishman, C. (2006). The Wal-Mart effect: how an out-of-town superstore became a superpower. Australia: Penguin Group.
[2] Freeman, R. (2004). Wal-Mart�s Walton family: The beasts of Bentonville. Executive Intelligence Review, 31 (3) [online magazine]

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Warrick, A.D. (2006).  Anti-Christ.
Wal-Mart Stores Inc (2001). Greeter.
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