Introduction
Effect on body
Pitch and feeling

SECTION 2

What is Music therapy?
Studies-West and India

SECTION 3

What is Raga?
Ragas and Moods
What is Rasa?

SECTION 4

The Expression
Responses
Music and Ayurveda

SECTION 5

Role of Rhythm
Melodies and Moods
Ancient Literature

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RAGA

A Raga or melody in Bharatiya Sangeeh is the arrangement of groups pf Swaras or notes, which, by being rendered in a special way, gives the Raga its personality or Swaroop or Bhava. Without the Raga-bhava, the Swaras or notes by themselves are ineffective in presenting a Raga personality or constructing a Raga edifice. Raga is the discernible melodic form underlying all classical Indian music. It is a total tonal complex, which can only be learnt by hearing and repetition.

RAGAS AND MOODS

The Indian musical tradition considers Ragas as depicting specific moods eg.     

Darbari-Kanada-regal aga with a dignified air (9). Melodies in this Raga tend towards the lower register, the tempo too is slow, adding to this effect and the melodic phrases are complex and involuted.

RASA

It is the aesthetic correspondent of a psychological state, a sentiment or mood. The Natya Shastra entions eight states: Shringara (romantic erotic), hasya (comic), karuna (pathetic), rudra (wrathful), vira (heroic), bhayanaka (terrifying), bibhastsa (odious) and adbhuta (wonderous). Shanta rasa (peaceful, calm) has also been included in the later years.

Predominant Characteristics of some of the frequently encountered Ragas based on the Ragabhava theory

In Carnatic music:

1. Karuna (Pathetic) - Sahana, Punnagavarali, Kanada, Bhairavi,   Nadanamakriya

2. Love - Suruti, Khamas, Huseni

3. Raudra (wrathful) - Atana, Arabhi

4. Vira (heroic) - Devagandhari, Bilahari Nattai, Hamsadvani

5. Happiness - Mohanam, Kedaram, Hamsadvani

6. Auspicious - Sourashtram, Vasantha, Suruti, Madyamavathi, Dhanyasi, SriRaga, Kedaragaula, Edukulakamboji, Pantuvarali

7. Adbhuta (wonderous) - Saranga, Behaag

8. Hatred - Atana

9. Fear - Punnagavarali

10. Peace - Sama, Vasantha

In Hindustani Music, the Ragas are also classified as Morning Ragas (Bhairav, Ahir-Bhairav) and Evening Ragas (Marwa). Ragas like Nand, Maru-Bihag are sung or played around midnight(9pm to midnight)

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Curtsey : Dr P.Bharathi. MD, Physiologist and Music Therapist.

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