TAK-Online
Contents and Abstracts
TAK Reviews
Iurkiewicz, A. & Mangin, A. Utilisation de l�analyse syst�mique dans l��tude des aquif�res karstiques des Monts V�lcan (Roumanie). pp. 9�98.
Les prospections hydrog�ologiques et la synth�se des connaissances sur la g�ologie, la morphologie et l'hydrographie du versant sud des monts V�lcan permettent la description de trois grandes syst�mes karstiques.
Le premier syst�me nomm� Patrunsa-Picuiel est constitu� par trois lignes de sources permanentes et une ligne de sources temporaires aliment�es par des pr�cipitations et par trois pertes. Les directions de drainages ont �t� �tablies par tra�ages.
Les sources de V�lceaua et de Jales sont les exutoires principaux du deuxi�me syst�me karstique ainsi qu'il est nomm� syst�me de Jales�V�lceaua. L'ensemble de ce syst�me comporte encore deux groupes de sources et quatre pertes connues. Cette image du syst�me a �t� �tablie toujours par tra�ages.
L'utilisation des traceurs a montr� aussi la relation entre trois pertes et deux groupes de sources capt�es au niveau du village d'Izvarna. Par cons�quent le troisi�me syst�me est nomm� syst�me karstique d'Izvarna.
L'�tude hydrodynamique de ces syst�mes s�appuie sur une nouvelle m�thodologie mise au point au Laboratoire Souterrain du CNRS � Moulis (France). Les pr�misses th�oriques reprennent les deux conceptions hydrog�ologiques diff�rentes du milieu karstique, qui se sont impos�es afin d'assurer une connaissance concr�te du comportement d'un aquif�re karstique:
La premi�re, dite structurelle ou analitique consid�re que le r�seau de vides se superpose au r�seau de fractures, donnant au milieu un caract�re homog�ne.
La seconde th�orie appel�e fonctionelle se fonde sur la notion de syst�me karstique et introduit de ce fait les m�thodes de l'analyse syst�mique. De nouveaux descripteurs d�duits de cette approche sont propos�s, conduisant � une repr�sentation de la structure du karst et de son fonctionnement.
L'approche syst�mique met en �vidence la diversit� des aquif�res karstiques, d�finie entre deux p�les, l'un correspondant � un drainage tr�s developp� et l'autre non. Elle permet enfin de revenir sur la d�finition m�me du karst et de mieux comprendre � la fois la g�n�se de sa morphologie et son �volution.
La complexit� des syst�mes �tudies emp�che dans cette �tape toute approche analytique. En revanche, le recours aux m�thodes de l'analyse syst�mique d'�tude des d�bits class�s, des courbes de r�cession et d'analyse des chroniques nous a permis de mieux d�finir la structure et le fonctionnement des aquif�res karstiques du versant sud des Monts V�lcan.
TAK Articles
Feru, A. & Simion, G. Carbonate rocks and bottling mineral waters in Romania. pp. 97�102.
The paper outlines the conceptual framework concerning the factors conditioning the occurrence of the carbonated (sparkling) and still mineral water accumulations.
Our observations regarding the geological conditions specific to the Romanian territory point towards both a direct and an indirect connection between bottling mineral waters and carbonate rocks, accounting for their composition and genesis as well as for their discharge area.
Stevanovic, Z., Filipovic, B., Dragisic, V. & Mandic, M. Hydrogeology of the Bogovina cave system � the biggest in the Serbian Carpathians. pp.103�108.
The karst aquifer was formed in the limestone karstified massif of southeastern Kucaj, in a part of the river basin of Crni Timok, gravitating towards the large karst spring Mrljis. The rock massif is characterized by developed morphological karstic forms, with a network of underground passages, sinkholes and caves. Famous Bogovina cave, is the biggest in Serbian Carpathians with more than 6000 m of explored passages. The cave entrance is periodically an active spring, on the eastern boundary of Kucaj karst massif, on the contact with non-karstic rocks.
Bandrabur, G. & Radu, R. Recherches hidrog�ologiques dans la zone de Tureni�Petrestii de Sus (Roumanie). Utilisation de l��lectrom�trie en hydrog�ologie. pp.109�114.
Vers l'extr�mit� nord des Monts de Trascau on rencontre une zone ou les ph�nom�nes karstiques sont bien d�velopp�s. Les recherches hydrog�ologiques auxquelles on ajoute la g�ophysique par l'interm�diaire du sondage �lectrique vertical ont mis en �vidence les dimensions et la forme d'un possible aquif�re carbonat� qui repr�sente le prolongement de la zone karstique en dessous des d�p�ts n�og�nes.
Mallard, F., Crague, G. Turquin, M.-J. & Bouvet, Y. Monitoring karstic ground water: the practical aspect of subterranean ecology. pp.115�126.
Biological sampling was carried out at two impacted limestone sites located in eastern and southern France in order to assess the extent and pattern of groundwater contamination. The terrestrial fauna was trapped in the Rappe Cave (Jura, France) and the groundwater invertebrates of the Terrieu site (H�rault, France) were collected by means of deep monitoring wells. In both cases, data on pristine animal communities of the study site and / or biological data from unimpacted adjacent areas were used to assess the effect of the surface source of pollution.
Results showed that contamination of the ground water induced a decrease in the density and / or diversity of troglobites and promoted the colonization of the unsaturated and saturated zones by troglophilic and trogloxene species. The rich terrestrial fauna of the Rappe Cave, which was represented in 1970 by four troglobitic species: Royerella villardi, Plusiocampa sp1, Plusiocampa sp2, and Trichoniscoides mixtus, was dominated in 1992 by the two epigean species Hypogastrura purpurescens and Deleaster dichrous . Groundwater communities of the polluted Terrieu limestone site were characterized by the almost total absence of stygobite organisms and a high stygophile and epigean component (i.e. Paracyclops fimbriatus, Tubifex tubifex ), while adjacent unimpacted sites had a high stygobite species richness. Finally, at both sites, the spatial distribution of the invertebrates was shown to be clearly related to the highly heterogeneous movement of the polluted ground water in the unsaturated and saturated zones of the aquifer.
Povara, I. Characteristics of the water table topography in the southern part of the Romanian Black Sea Coast. pp. 127-132.
A multi-layered aquifer complex occurs south of Neptun resort, on the Romanian Black Sea coast. Its recharge includes components of various origins, that mix prevailingly within the upper layer, made of conchiferous and oolithic Sarmatian limestones. The water table topography was mapped over an area of 6 km2, relying essentially on records from domestic water wells, correlated with the levels of the sea and of the interior lakes. Two piezometric "ridges" have been outlined, which correspond to tectonic lineaments along which thermal and mineral water originating in deeper reservoirs enters the Sarmatian reservoir.
Racovita, G. El�ments fondamentaux dans la dynamique des sp�l�oth�mes de glace de la grotte de Scarisoara, en relation avec la m�t�orologie externe. pp. 133�148.
Le traitement statistique d'une s�rie de donn�es relev�es mensuellement sur un intervalle de dix ans permet de mettre en �vidence les tendances de long terme et les p�riodicit�s qui caract�risent la dynamique des divers types morphologiques de formations de glace de la cavit�. Les r�sultats sont mis en corr�lation avec les variations m�t�orologiques enregistr�es � l'ext�rieur.
Andreichuk, V., N. & Dorofeev, E., P. The influence of natural and anthropogenous factors on temperature regime and ice formations of Kungur Cave (Russia) . pp. 149�154.
Historical records indicate that the distribution of ice formations within Kungur cave strongly depends on changes in the situation of cave openings. It is suggested that a controlled ventilation via artificial openings might provide a remedy to the actering of the cave decorations induced by touristic exploitation.
Silvestru, E. & Ghergari, L. On the paleokarst in the cave Ghetarul de la Scarisoara (Bihor Mountains, Romania). pp. 155�162.
Little is known about paleokarst in the Bihor Mountains (Romania) beside the already famous bauxite-bearing Lower Cretaceous one. In one of the world's most important ice caves - Ghetarul de la Scarisoara, in this area, we have found an interesting paleokarst deposit which we have analysed both from the mineralogical-petrographical and the karstological points of view. After several considerations on the terminology concerning paleokarst, we present these analyses as well as some considerations on the possible age and significance of this paleokarst.
Lascu, C., Baciu, F., Gligan, M. & S�rbu, S. Cave bear worship site in Pestera Rece, Bihor Mountains, Romania. pp. 163�172.
In 1987, the authors discovered in Pestera Rece (Bihor Mountains - Romania) a dry cave passage rich in Cave Bear palaeontological deposits. The bone-formations discovered in Pestera Rece support the hypothesis of the existence of a prehistoric hunting worship at the Musterian hunters. The pattern of these bone formations which are imbedded in calcite, their age and the palaeontological and geological context turns this discovery to a strong pleading in favor of the debated issue of the cave bear ritual.
Onoratini, G. & Radulescu, C. Gravettian micromammals of the Marronnier Cave (Saint-Rem�ze, Ard�che, France). pp. 173�178.
The Marronnier cave, although situated in the canyon of the Ard�che River, is well known for its Gravettian habitat of a Mediterranean type and for the discovery of few human remains associated with this habitat. The excavation of the Gravettian deposit supplied some remains of small mammals including four species of rodents (Chionomys nivalis, Microtus oeconomus, M. arvalis, M. agrestis) and a leporid lagomorph (Oryctolagus). The small mammal association appears to indicate a landscape dominated by open vegetation and a rocky ground with the subordinate presence of a marshy facies (occurrence of M. oeconomus).
Diaconu, G. & Morar, M. Sur la couleur d�une stalactite de Gran Caverna de Santo Tomas � Cuba. pp. 179�182.
Les auteurs analysent en RX, du point de vue spectral et thermique une stalactite provenue d�une grotte de Cuba. On fait des appr�ciations concernant la couleur bleu-verd�tre de cet agr�gat �tant expos� un point de vue sur la mani�re de lequel le cuivre, identifi� comme �l�ment mineur est la cause de cette coloration.
Istvan, D. & Micle, R. Calcite speleothems generated by underground evapocondensation (Pestera Cobasel, Rodna Mountains). pp. 183�188.
The authors consider that crystalline calcite aggregates, sharp or spherulitic, are the result of two phenomena, known as underground evpocondensation. The morphology of the spherulitic aggregates suggests their formation from and in stagnant waterdrops.
Condensation water is responsible for the intense corrosion phenomena, while calcite crystalline aggregates are later deposited, when underground vaporization phenomena occur.
The paper emphasizes the fact that underground evapocondensation is responsible for the occurrence of a genetic and morphologic distinctive category of calcite speleothems.
Horoi, V. The corrosion process in �Pestera de la Movile� Cave (Southern Dobrudja � Romania). pp. 189�194.
Short Notes
Bella, P. & Vrbjar, D. Automated information cave system (CAVIS) in Slovakia. pp. 195�198.
In Memoriam
Dan Dancau (1933 � 1994). pp. 199�200.
Teodor Rusu (1929 � 1994). pp. 200-201.
