TAK-Online
Contents and Abstracts
TAK Reviews
Tenu, A. & Davidescu, F., D. La datation par radiocarbone dans la recherche sp�l�ologique, pp. 7�16.
La mise au point de la datation par radiocarbone, r�alis�e par Libby en 1955, a permis d��tablir des chronologies absolutes et efficaces pour la p�riode des derni�res 40 milles ans.
Malgr� le fait qu�en Roumanie la m�thode f�t signal�e en 1956, la datation proprement dite par radiocarbone a �t� r�alis�e seulement en 1977, � l�Institut de M�t�orologie et Hydrologie de Bucarest. Depuis cette ann�e, les applications au radiocarbone en Roumanie ont vis� exclusivement la datation des eaux souterraines.
Ce rapport, par la pr�sentation succuncte des bases th�oriques, exp�rimentales et m�thodologiques et des d�terminations pr�liminaires, effectu�es sur des sp�l�oth�ms, voudrait �tre une tentative pour l�extrapolation de cette m�thode dans la recherche sp�leologique.
Le travail expose, d�une fa�on succinte, les bases th�oriques, exp�rimentales et m�thodologiques de la datation par radiocarbone dans la recherche sp�ologique et pr�sente aussi, pour illustrer la m�thode, trois d�terminations d��ge pour des sp�l�oth�ms de Roumanie.
TAK Articles
Ungureanu, C. Mineralogic and geochemical research of the Tecuri Cave (Romania) red clay, pp. 17�32.
Le travail tente de tirer au clair la gen�se des d�p�ts argileux se trouvant dans la zone Bojita-Tecuri-Rachiteaua du Sud-Ouest des monts de Sebes.
Apr�s un aper�u historique sur les recherches effectu�es dans la zone, on y trouve pr�sent�es des donn�es orohydrographiques, la g�ologie de la r�gion et la p�tro-chimie des roches.
La comparison des param�tres g�ochimiques des roches se trouvant dans cette zone � c�est-�-dire des schistes cristallins du domaine G�tique, des calcaires du Jurasien et des argiles rouges (qui abondent dans la grotte de Tecuri) � a port� aux conclusions suivantes:
1.La composition granulom�trique des �chantillons d�argile indique une fraction p�litique d�environ 50%.
2.La composition chimique des argiles indique des taux de Al2O3 et Fe2O3 �l�v�s, qui les approchent des argiles bauxitiques (Suliman, 1976).
3.Les min�raux argileux d�termin�s ont �t�: le kaolinite, le gibbsite, le diaspore, l�illite et le halloysite.
4.La gen�se des argiles est li�e � l�alt�ration des m�tamorphites appartenant au domaine g�tique, sourtout l�alt�ration des micaschistes et des amphibolites.
5.Il y a �galment la possibilit� de la formation des min�raux argileux par l�alt�ration des bauxites � un pH acide (5.5�6.4).
6.L�apparition de ce genre d�argiles saulement sur substrat de calcaires peut �tre due aussi au ph�nom�ne de pi�zo-�lectricit� du calcite (Diaconu, 1986).
Ionescu, G. & Ionescu, C. Considerations on the morphology and genesis of the Jurassic paleokarst in Farcu Hill area (Southern Padurea Craiului Mountains, Romania), pp. 33�40.
Based on surface data and more than 300 boreholes investigations in Farcu Hill area, in the Southern part of Padurea Craiului Mountains, the present paper deals with some features of the Jurassic fossil karst relief sunk now under limy Cretaceous deposits. Our purpose is both theoretical: to enrich the image about some factors and their evolution in modelating this paleorelief and practical: to detect bauxite bodies in this region by use of reconstructing methods, as is the isobathic map and geostatistical analysis of these data, in correlation with geological and geomorphological observations.
Constantin, S. & Rotaru, A. Consid�rations g�n�tiques sur la grotte �Pestera cu Lacuri din Valea Seaca� (Monts Locvei, Roumanie), pp. 41�49.
Les auteurs pr�sentent une hypoth�se sur la gen�se d�une cavit� de dimensions moyennes, situ�e dans le Bassin Valea Mare (Monts Locvei). La grotte est ascendante, dispos�e sur deux �tages et elle pr�sente sur son parcours une suite de lacs situ�s � des cotes croissantes par rapport � l�entr�e. Compte tendu de la morphologie d�ensemble et de d�tail de la cavit� on advance l�hypoth�se que son creusement a eu lieu regime noy� apr�s lequel, cons�cutivement � un abaissement relativement rapide du niveau phr�atique, les galeries ont rest�es fossiles. Le niveau hydrostatique actuel est marqu� par le niveau de l�eau dans les lacs. Le m�canisme de constitution du r�seau karstique est analys� en tentant compte des similitudes entre la situation pr�sent�e et celle de certaines cavit�s de la zone de Mendip (Angleterie). Etant donn� que l�alimentation de l�acquif�re est due exclusivement aux infiltrations on consid�re que dans l�abaissement brusque du niveau phr�atique un r�le primordial serait revenu � couverture argileuse imperm�able qui a couvert, � partir du Pl�istoc�ne sup�rieur, les plateaux calcaires sommitaux. Cette couverture aurait eu un r�le de �tampon�, diminuant la quantite d�eau �coul�e vers l�acquif�re. On appr�cie ainsi que l��ge de l�abaissement du niveau phr�atique, et donc de la �fossilisation� des galeries, pourrait �tre situ� le plus t�t, � la fin du Pl�istoc�ne sup�rieur.
Serban, M. & Racovita, G. L�extension de la zone glac�e dans la Grotte de Scarisoara (Roumanie) � effet des oscilations m�t�orologiques multiannuelles, pp. 51�64.
La limite des formations stalagmitiques de glace qui se d�veloppent dans la zone p�riglaciaire de la Grotte de Scarisoara (Monts du Bihor) pr�sente des variations saisonn�res dues aux changements p�riodiques qui lieu dans le r�gime de ventilation de la cavit�. Ces variations ont �t� suivies par des mensuelles effectu�es durant l�intervalle 1983-1988. L�analyse stastique des donn�es primaires, bas�e sur la m�thode de Ballot-Besson d�adjustement d�une suite chronologique de valeurs, mpntre que cette limite comporte aussi des oscillations d�ordre sup�rieur, correspondant � des tendances multiannuelles d�extension ou de restriction de la zone glac�e. Leur cause r�side dans des fluctuations thermom�triques analogues qui se produisent au niveau de l�atmosph�re souterraine et qui peuvent �tre mises en corr�lation avec les tendances de long terme li�es � l��volution m�t�orologique de l�ext�rieur.
Mafteiu, M. Contributions to the investigation of the Padis karst area (Bihor Mountains, Romania) by means of resistivity measurements, pp. 65�76.
Geological measurements are frequently used in karst investigation for the identification of underground cavities, of tectonic fractures which may favour the development of karst phenomena and for establishing the flow directions of corresponding groundwater bodies.
Taking into account the strong control that the dimension and burial depth of a certain anomalous body exert on the electrometric methods applicability, arrays with various depths of investigation were used.
The present paper included the results of a survey performed above a known anomalous body, the cave of Padis, as well as that of a subsequent extended application of the methods over a wider area. The data interpretation resulted in maps of the karst drainage areas and in establishing flow directions of the groundwater bodies.
The water-table level and the flow directions indicated by the soundings were adjusted according to the information derived from boreholes and from tracing experiments.
Davidescu, F., D., Tenu, A. & Slavescu, A. Environmental isotopes in karst hydrology. A lay-out of problems with exemplifications in Romania, pp. 77�86.
The paper provides actual examples of the possibilities to apply environmental isotopes in determinating certain hydrogeological characteristics and parameters in carbon-matrix aquifers of economic importance in Romania.
Iordache, O., Isopescu, R., Gaspar, E. & Isopescu, A. Interpretation of tracer experiments. Multi-cell of imperfect mixing, pp. 87�92.
A new model is put forward for the dispersion processes in hydrokarstic systems exhibiting more scales of mixing.
An expansion using Laguerre polynomials is obtained for the residence time distribution. The first term in expansion corresponds to the standard multi-cell model while the following are corrections for imperfect mixing.
The results are applied to interpret tracer research on the dynamics of underground waters in the Cerna Valley.
Slavoaca, D., C. & Slavoaca, R. The karstic water participation in the genesis of the thermomineral water reservoir of the spa complex Calimanesti-Caciulata-Cozia (Romania), pp. 93�96.
The paper sets in evidence the karstic waters participation at the genesis of the thermomineral water reservoir exploited in the spas: Calimanesti, Caciulata, Cozia. The water-inflow zone is situated in the northern part of the thermomineral reservoir, at the base of the senonian sedimentary deposits. The karstic water proceeds from jurassic carbonate rocks, which outcrop in the Vinturarita zone.
Oraseanu, I. Hydrogeological map of the Padurea Craiului Mountains (Romania), pp. 97�127.
The hydrogeological map shown herein covers an area of 670 sq. km. In the Padurea Craiului, a massif that makes the North-western termination of the Apuseni Mountains. Owing to a varied geologic structure, with Mesozoic limestones and dolomites outcropping on 330 sq. km, the relief boasts a great variety of features, noteworthy among which are the karst plateaus and valleys, as well as the caves and the potholes.
The numerous karst catchment processes, of which some are in full progress at present, disorganized the surface hydrographic network, leading to the formation of an endoreic zone of roughly 224 sq. km and of a diffluence area extending on 94 sq. km. The hydrologic links between these areas and the zones bordering the massif is secured by surface and underground flows.
The great lithologic diversity and the different tectonization indices of the deposits in the lithologic structure of the Padurea Craiului Mountains led to the individualization of five groups that boast distinct models of underground water supply, circulation, storage and discharge. In the hydrogeological map, the five types are separated cartographically and characterized hydrogeologically; the map also gives their detailed lithologic description.
International conventional signs show various models whereby the water penetrates the carbonate massif (diffusely, ponors and caves, a.o.), as well as different types of karst exurgences, all while pinpointing the permanent or temporary hydrologic character of the flow and the speleologists� access � or lack of it � to the underground realm through these points.
The precipitations that fell in October 1982-September 1983 hydrologic year on the non-karst area of the massif generated a specific annual mean runoff ranging from 3 to 20 l/s sq. km, with its vertical gradient standing at 3.3 l/s sq. km. The value of that index is strongly influenced by the presence of the areal carbonate rocks wherein the karst-catchment processes substantially diminish the discharge.
The 78 tracer labellings performed by various authors pinpointed the general directions of flow of underground waters and the comparison between those data and the results of the hydrometeorogical observations and measurements provided for a hydrogeologic characterization of the major hydrogeological karst systems. The discharge, variability indices and the recession curve discharge coefficients for 13 of the major karst sources of the massif, as well as the distribution in time of underground flow of that area were shown.
The overall hydrogeological picture of the Padurea Craiului Mountains, without Remeti graben, is characterized by the presence of an unitary karstic aquifer in which there is a deep circulation from the East to the West overlay by numerous underground �surficial� (shallow) ones which discharge at the periphery of the massif, by sources with overflow meaning, the water excess resulting from the rainfall on its surface and which can�t be involved in deep circulation.
Ponta, G., Terteleac, N. & Gaspar, E. Three karstic systems (Rosia, Toplita de Rosia and Vadu Crisului) in the Padurea Craiului Mountains (Romania), pp. 129�142.
The paper presents data regarding three karstic aquifers: Rosia, Toplita de Rosia and Vadul Crisului, whose hydrogeological basins were outlined by surveying the subterranean cavities and the tracers experiments. Complete informations are given concerning the experiments with In-EDTA, La-EDTA and Rhodamine B, carried out in Valea Perjii, Birtin and Pintiuca sinkholes. These tracers appeared in Rosia Spring respectively Vadul Crisului. There is also a presentation of the Ciur Ponor cave and a structural characterization of the three karstic systems.
Feru, M., U. & Capota, A. Les eaux thermomin�rales karstiques de la zone de Mangalia (Roumanie), pp. 143�157.
Oraseanu, I., Gaspar, E., Pop, I. & Tanase, T. Tracers experiments in the karst area of Bihor Mountains (Romania), pp. 159�172.
The complex geological evolution of Bihor Mountains led to the grooth of karstifiable and unkarstifiable rocks mosaic. This evolution is hydrogeologically reflected by the presence of numerous karstic aquifers having different extensions and being charged by precipitations and surface streams, karstically trapped either total or partial.
In order to find out the main running water directions of some karstic aquifers, the authors carried out a number of 36 labellings with rhodamine, fluoresceine, stralex, radioactive tracers (I-131, Br-82) and activable tracers (In-EDTA, Dy-EDTA, I�).
On the whole, the tracers labellings accomplished up to now in the karst area of Bihor Mountains showed an average running speed of the underground waters of 45 m/hour.
The longest course was found between the pothole of Hoanca Urzicarului and Pauleasa spring (4,800 m), while the maximum level difference was between the Muncelu cave and Blidaru spring (665 m).
Pirvanescu, E. & Pirvanescu, A. Overall water balance computation in the karst zone �Sapte Izvoare Reci�, Scropoasa (Romania), pp. 173�181.
The paper presents the manner of balance elements assessment and the computation of the overall water balance in the karst area �7 Izvoare Reci� Scropoasa proposed for valorization as export �flat waters�.
The main purpose of this computation was to establish the feed zones of the source with a view to implement protection systems against polluting agents.
Ionescu, G. & Ionescu, C. Considerations concerning the gyps occurrence in the Ciur-Izbuc Cave (Padurea Craiului Mountains, Romania), pp. 183�187.
Nedopaca, M. La pyrite bact�rienne de Risculita � D�partement de Hunedoara, Roumanie, pp. 189�191.
Fratila, R. & Constantin, S. Aspects of the karstification in the Cornilor Spring area (Padurea Craiului Mountains, Romania), pp. 193�203.
The paper presents the researches accomplished in a karst area with a small surface (2.6 sq. km) which hide a great cave, Cornilor Cave, with a length of 10.14 km. The karst morphology study, together with the geological and tectonical observations are used for realizing the karst map of this area. The factors that conditioned the genesis of the cavity are analyzed: lithology, tectonics and hydrochemical conditioning. Finally, based on this analysis, the authors propose a hypothesis on the endokarstic drainages succession and the genesis of the cavern.
Defleur, A., Cr�gut-Bonnoure, E. & Radulescu, C. Excavation at the Grotte des C�des (Le Plan d�Aups, Var, France), 1987. Evidence for a Late Rissian episode, pp. 205�210.
A brief account is given of recent excavation at the Grotte des C�dres (Le Plan d�Aups, Var, France). Pleistocene deposits yielded lithic assemblages associated with abundant mammalian remains indicative of a Late Rissian age (isotopic stage 6 of deep-sea cores).
Oraseanu, I., Ventel, R. & Gaspar, E. Tracers investigations in Poiana-Tecuri area (Sureanu Mountains, Romania), pp. 211�212.
