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CHAPTER 3: A NEW COLONY
Section 1: Patronato Real de Indias Justification for Spain’s colonial endeavor A. Royal privileges or Papal mandates 1. Rooted in the medieval period B. schools of thought 1. Solorzano 2. Lelio C. Alexandrian bulls II. Juan Solorzano de Periera – gave a regalist interpretation of the patronato A. Four things that the crown could not undertake 1. Sacramental Ministry 2. Appointment, not nomination, of church prelates 3. Delimitation of dioceses 4. Creation of Churches (distinct from church building) B. Responsibilities of the crown C. Recurzo de Fuerza D. Royal cedulas exert force even in the spiritual sphere E. Natural Law II. Antonio Lelio A. Power of the crown is temporal - limited to patrons who endowed certain church B. Powers are strictly temporal C. Invoke freedom and tradition of the church IV. Spanish crown and its regalist interpretation A. Philip II - supreme universal ruler B. Recognition of the role of religion C. Exploitation colonies- Filipino and Spanish economic realation 1. Hispanization- even the Church
was placed under royal 2. Totalitarianism in God’s name
Section 2: The Patronato in Philippine History I. The Philippine colonial history is the story of the Catholic mission. A. The encomienda (land entrusted) & encomenderos (land trustees) -the social framework within which Spain ruled the colony 1. Introduced by Legazpi in the 16th century 2. Land grant B. Patronato Real: obligation of royal government (religious and other related activities) II. Patronato in Philippine History A. Development of Philippine language 1. April 27, 1594 Philip I divided the Philippines among missionary orders (according to idioms) a. Augustinians b. Franciscans c. Jesuits d. Dominicans e. Recollects 2. Effect: Philippine language was enriched 3. Publication of dictionaries and books in grammar B. Development of town for community life 1. Resettlement of people in permanent communities 2. Site dictated by laws: physical format 3. Purpose: to spread faith C. Introduction of sedentary agriculture 1. Plow and “araro” D. Political life 1. Election of officials 2. Acceptance of public law E. Resettlement and Christianization 1. Resettlement as a means of Christianization 2. New code of morality; clear
distinction between right and
Section 3: The Colonial Government I. Colonial Structure in Madrid
A. Structure and its implication 1. Absolutist, monarchial, centralized, and not arbitrary 2. Little room for individual decision/initiative 3. Routine 4. Legislature: exclusive royal prerogative B. Consejo de Indies C. Top colonial officials II. The colonial government in the Philippines A. Central / local levels 1. Governor general pp. 64-65 2. Audiencia B. Royal orders / directives
1. Characteristics of Spanish bureaucracy a. Huge bureaucracy/hierarchies/alternative channels of communication b. Multiple standards/pressures
à I obey but do not 2. We are integrated; not incorporated – Castillan Laws 3. Local custom; acceptable 4. Spanish laws are numerous, specific and detailed a. Codification was necessary— 1573, 1624, 1680, 1796 b. Recopilacion = grandiose, complex & benevolent intentions; obstructed by greedy colonists; different climate; values & tradition; distance
Section 3: The Colonial Government Colonial Structure in Madrid I. Colonial Structure in Madrid A. Structure of Spanish Royal Government and its implications. 1. Spanish royal government was absolute, centralized and monarchial. 2. The king could not unilaterally impose decisions unless it accorded the traditions of the realm. 3. Legislation was entrusted to royally appointed officials. 4. If a law was inapplicable,
legal tradition is followed, B. Consejo de lndies 1. Was established in order to attend to all questions about the New World. 2. First president was Fray Garcia de Loaisa. 3. It is an administrative body. a. approved expeditions overseas b. named colonial officials and ecclesiastical prelates c. supervised colonial finances d. served as the highest court of appeals II. The Central Level of the Colonial Government A. Top Colonial Official 1. Virrey (Viceroy) a. King’s representative over a
specific area, the b. Administered a wide area subdivided into “kingdoms” each under a gobernador c. Resides in his area of responsibility 2. Governor-General, Capitan General (Captain General) a. third title of Viceroy b. Duty is to guard and preserve the regalias, which the Crown always claimed. c. Initiates census counts, sets guidelines, supervises public works, maintains peace and order, defends the colony
Section 4: The Philippines after Ten Years I. Painful decade of reorganization and adjustment A. Political Aspects 1. First rebellions 2. De Goiti died in Limahong attacks 3. Legazpi dies
à succeeded by Lavizaris 4. Salcedo and expansion B. Economic Aspect 1. We were just a drain so there was pressure to give up the colony 2. Penalosa [“I will use own money to colonize Spain”] [Commercialization of colonization] 3. Migration from Mexico 4. Subsistence economy à inflation, no agricultural progress because of military recruitment II. Bishop Salazar and the Manila Synod A. Aims 1. To solve the problem (of hunger, etc.) in light of truth 2. To provide a plan/moral guideline B. 1. Legality of Spanish
rule (religion), rooted in Patronato Gospel 2. “Institutions to consolidate native fate, establishment of colonial rule” 3. Established norms of slavery 4. Teaching in native language 5. Local government hand of natives C. Was a bold bid of justice, at a
time when conformity and silence |
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