tdm_À«v {Ko³ C¦ÀtkmÄ (1894) (tZhtemIw.tImw)

hnip² thZ]pkvXIs¯ kw_Ôn¡pó Nne Imcy§Ä 7

11. {]tNmZ\w

aqómw \qämïn\p aps¼ ]pXnb \nba¯nse ]pkvXI§Ä {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸«h Fó AhImiw Dóbn¡pItbm, hnizkn¡pItbm sNbvXncpónñ.

kphntij§fpsSbpw, teJ\§fpsSbpw, {]hr¯nIfpsSbpw At\Iw ]pkvXI§fnð \nópw {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸Sm¯ Nne hyànIÄ {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸« ]pkvXI§Ä XncsªSp¡pIbmbncpóp FtómÀ¡pI.

GsXms¡ ]pkvXI§fmWv {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸«h Fóp Xocpam\n¡póXnð "]nXm¡òmcpsS' CSbnð henb A`n{]mb hyXymkapïmIpIbpw `nóXbpw shdp¸papïmIbpw sNbvXp. IrXrasaóv Cóp IcpXpó ]e ]pkvXI§fpw, ]nXm¡òmÀ Znhysaóp IcpXnbncpóp. tbmlómsâ kphntijhpw, F{_mbcpsSbpw, bqZmknsâbpw, bms¡m_v, ]s{Xmkv FónhcpsS teJ\§fpw, tbmlóm\pïmb shfn¸mSpw BZy {InkvXym\nIfnð ]ecpw, BZy ]nXm¡òmcpw \ncmIcn¨hbmbncpóp. Fómð, ]pXnb \nba¯nð DÄs¡mïn«nñm¯ ]e ]pkvXI§fpw hfsc {]tNmZ\w sNbvXs¸«h Fópw ]ecpw IcpXnbncpóp.

Cu ]pkvXI§fnð \nópw, aäp ]eXnð \nópw {InkvXym\nIÄ {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸«h XncsªSp¯p.

XncsªSp¯ hyànIÄ AÚcpw, AÔhnizmknIfpw Bbncpóp. AÛpX§fnð AXoh hnizmkapÅhcmbncpóp AhÀ. At¸mkvtXmecpsS taemSbmepw, DdpamepsImïpw, acn¨hcpsS AØnbmepw AkpJ§Ä t`Zam¡mw Fóv AhÀ IcpXnbncpóp. s^\nIvknsâ sI«pIYbnð AhÀ hnizkn¡bpw, ssl\m (IgpX¸pen) Fñm hÀjhpw AXnsâ "skIvkv' amdpóp Fópw AhÀ hnizkn¨ncpóp.

\qämïpIfnðIqSn Cu sXscsªSp¸p \S¯nbncpóhÀ {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸«hcmbncpópshm? {]tNmZ\w Fóv hn[nIev¸n¡m³ AhÀ¡v þAÚX, aSn, ]Iþ tbmKyX Dïmbncpópthm? F´p \nb{´WamWv AhcpsS A`n{]mbw \½nð Dfhm¡póXv? \ap¡p thïXv Xocpam\n¡m\pÅ AhImiw \ap¡ntñ?

s{]m«Ìâv aXhn¹h¯nsâ {][m\nIfnð Hcmfmbncpó Cdmkvakv, F{_mbÀ¡v FgpXnb teJ\w ]usemkv Añ FgpXnbXv Fóv {]Jym]n¡bpw, cïv, aqóv tbmlóm\pw shfn¸mSv ]pkvXIhpw {]tNmZ\w sNbvXp FóXv \ncmIcn¡bpw sNbvXp. eqXdpw, kzn³Koenbkpw CtX A`n{]mb¡mcmbncpóp.

1647se shÌvan\nÌÀ Akw»n IgnbpóXphsc GsXms¡ ]pkvXI§fmWv {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸«h Fóv s{]m«ÌâpImÀ AwKoIcn¨ncpónñ.

GsXms¡ ]pkvXI§Ä {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸«p Fóv sXfnbn¡Wsa¦nð BZyw ssZhw Dsïóv sXfnbn¡Ww. ssZhw Nn´n¡psaópw, {]hr¯n¡psaópw, Dt±i§Ä Dsïópw sXfnbn¡Ww. CXv A{X Ffp¸añ.

BZnbpw A´hpanñm¯ Hcp hyànsb¸än k¦ev¸n¡pI Akm[yamWv. A§s\sbmcp k¦ev¸ansñ¦nð ssZhw Dsïm Fóv \ap¡v Adnbmhpó Imcy§Ä sImïv sXfnbn¡ms\m sXfnbn¡mXncn¡ms\m Ignbnñ.

ssZhw Dïv FóXv shdpw Dulw am{XamWv. AXv AwKoIcn¡psó¦nð, thZ]pkvXI¯nsâ cNbnXm¡sf ssZhw {]tNmZ\w sNbvXp Fóv F§s\bmWv sXfnbn¡m³ IgnbpI?

F§s\bmWv Hcp a\pjy³ asämcp a\pjys\ {]tNmZ\w sNbvXn«ptïm Fóv sXfnbn¡pI? {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸« Hcp hyàn F§s\bmWv AXv sXfnbn¡póXv? HcmÄ {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸«p Fóv Ah³Xsó F§s\ a\Ênem¡pw? {]tNmZ\w Fó hkvXpX sXfnbn¡pI Akm[yamWv.

F´mWv {]tNmZ\w ? ssZhw a\pjysc D]IcW§fm¡nbncptóm? Xsâ Nn´IÄ Fs´óv Adnbn¡m³ Chsc D]tbmKn¨ncpsóm? AhcpsS B{Kl§sf XyPn¨v, AhcpsS a\Êns\ \nb{´n¨ncptóm?

Chsc `mKoIambn am{Xta \nb{´n¨n«ptÅm? AXpsImïv AhcpsS AÚXbpw, sXäpIfpw, ap³hn[nbpw ssZh¯nsâ _p²nbpambn Iq«n¡eÀóncn¡ptam?

F§s\bmWv cNbnXm¡fpsS sXäpw ssZh¯nsâ Nn´bpw X½nð thÀXncn¡pI? A§s\ sN¿m³ \mw {]tNmZ\s¸tStï? cNbnXm¡Ä {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸«ncpsó¦nð AXv hnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸«hcpw {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸«ncptóm? A§s\sb¦nð, ss__nÄ ]dbphm\pt±in¨ncpóXp XsóbmtWm ChÀ shfns¸Sp¯póXv?

A´ytam Bcw`tam Cñm¯ Hcp hyànbmWv {]tNmZ\w sNbvXsXóv Adnbm³ Ignbnñ. Fómð Hóv Dd¸mWv. {]tNmZ\w sNbvXv FgpXnb ]pkvXIw {]tNmZ\w sN¿s¸SmsX FgpXnbhcpsS ]pkvXIs¯¡mfpw alXzhpw HuóXyapÅXpw Bbncn¡pw.

ss__nfns\ B{Ian¡¯¡hn[w Rm³ \nNt\m Fóv kphntijIÀ hnkvabw {]ISn¸n¡póp.

Rm³ AhtcmSv ]dbpw; Cu ]pkvXIw _p²namòmcnð _p²namòmsc t{Zmln¨v acW¯nte¡v XÅnbn«XmWv. Cu ]pkvXIw a\pjyhÀ¤¯nsâ ]ptcmKa\s¯ XSÊs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póp. Cu ]pkvXIw a\pjysâ Adnhnsâ [mcbv¡v hnjw IeÀ¯pIbpw DuÀÖs¯ hgnsXän¨p hnSpIbpw sNbvXp.

Cu ]pkvXIw kzmX{´y¯nsâ i{XphmWv. ASna¯¯nsâ ]n³Xm§nbpw. Cu ]pkvXvIw IpSpw_§fnepw cmjv{S§fnepw hntZzj¯nsâ hn¯v hnX¨XmWv. bp²§fpïm¡pIbpw temIs¯ \nÀ²ccm¡pIbpw sNbvXp. cmPm¡òmcpsSbpw tkzÑm[n]XnIfpsSbpw B{ibambncpóp Cu ]pkvXIw. Cu ]pkvXIw tImSXnIsfbpw `cWk`Isfbpw Zpjn¸n¨ncpóp. {InkvXpaX¯nð shdp¡pó, {IqcXbmÀó, Fñmbvt¸mgpw X½neSn¡pó k`Isf krjvSn¨p. Xsâ kl{]hÀ¯Is\bpw ]¦mfnsbbpw aX¯nsâ t]cnð sImópIfbphm³ ]Tn¸n¨p.

Rm³ Cu ]pkvXIs¯ B{Ian¡póp ImcWw AXv a\pjysâ kzmX{´¯nsâ i{XphmWv. ]ptcmKa\saó s]mXp\nc¯ns\ XSÊs¸Sp¯póp.

Rm³ kphntijItcmSv Hcp tNmZyw tNmZn¡s«; Cu ]pkvXIs¯ ]cnc£n¡¯hn[w C{Xam{Xw \oNcmIm³ \n§Ä¡v F§s\ Ignbpw?

12. km£mð ss__nÄ

icnbmb ss__nÄ a\pjyÀ \mfpIfmbn FgpXpóp. ssZ\w Zn\w FgpXpóp. a\pjy³ \ne\nev¡pónSt¯mfw AXv FgpXns¡mïncn¡pw. \ap¡v Adnbmhpó Fñmw kXyambn tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póp. Iïp]nSn¯§fpw, BËmZhpw kvt\lhpw ]pôncnbpw I®p\ocpw Iebpw imkv{Xhpw Fñmw Fñmw tcJs¸Sp¯póp.

lrZb¯nsâbpw a\Ênsâbpw \n[nbmWnXv. CXmbncn¡pw a\pjyhÀ¤¯nsâ Znhyamb ss__nÄ.