Reconciliation to Freydank

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In 1991, Freydank (BCMG, 42) classified eponyms from the following periods, which could pertain to Shalmaneser 1:

Period

Number of Freydank

Eponyms

Adopted Herein

Not Adopted
Shalmaneser 1     7
Shalmaneser 1 to Tukulti-ninurta 1   7  
Adad-nirari 1 to Shalmaneser 1   0  
Adad-nirari 1 to Tukulti-ninurta   0  

The eponyms from Shalmaneser 1 to Tukulti-ninurta 1 adopted here as belonging to Shalmaneser 1 are: Assur-kasid;

Shalmaneser 1 Eponyms (Freydank) Not Followed

There are 7 eponyms allocated by Freydank to Shalmaneser 1, which are not followed here. Of these 7, 4 appear to be allocated by Freydank based only on patronymics in Assur Stelae and not analyzed at length or at all in BCMG, as shown in the following table:

Eponym Comment

Adad-nadin-sume

2  letters only: VAT19880, 20313 - for which I have no floruit information - and the reason for dating to Shalmaneser is unclear.

Adad-suma-iddina (<Assur-kimuja)

Occurs in Stela 134 as  <Assur-kimuja and tartan. Freydank presumably dates the eponym by patronymic - since Adad-suma-iddina is >Lullaju, a Shalmaneser eponym in 1244 - and the eponym of Adad-suma-iddina is presumably earlier. There is only one (unpublished) letter: VAT19320, for which there is no floruit information. This eponym does not occur in any of the above-discussed correspondence and accordingly other candidates for the few Shalmaneser slots are preferred.  It is tentatively allocated to Adad-nirari 1, but the possibility that this is a homonym from a later period cannot be excluded. See Assur Stelae (forthcoming).

Assur-sumu-lesir

Occurs in Stela 92 as <Assur-remanni<Amurru-nadin-ahhe and sakin mati. Again Freydank presumably dates this eponym by patronymic, since Assur-sumu-lesir is >Abi-ili (a Shalmaneser eponym in 1255) and grandfather of Assur-dammiq<Abi-ili (a Shalmaneser eponym in 1248). The contiguity of the eponymy of his son and grandson prior to 1248 make it unlikely that his eponymy was in early Shalmaneser, as opposed to Adad-nirari.

There are 5 unpublished letters: VAT18102, 18901, 19433, 19551, 20270, on which there is no floruit information. The eponym does not occur in the major archives previously discussed.  It is tentatively allocated to Adad-nirari 1, but the possibility that this is a homonym from a later period cannot be excluded. See Assur Stelae (forthcoming). Note that VAT 18901 is Pederson's M7-179 – mostly TP1- and M7-178 mentions Saggiu abarakku.

Babu-aha-iddina

The eponym is attested only in one letter (Bi 37) at Billa. Eponym Ina-pi-assur-lislim is <Babu-aha-iddina and is plausibly an early (c1256) Shalmaneser eponym - indicating that father Babu-aha-iddina would be earlier.  Bi 37 mentions Assur-kasid (>Sadanu-asared), who is also mentioned in eponyms Kidin-ilani (Adad-nirari:Bi 16), Assur-kasid (Shalmaneser: Bi 5) and Assur-sad-nisesu (Adad-nirari: Bi 21).  Check TR 3003 - Ber-bel-lite.  Assur-kasid is the father of Sin-apla-eris<Assur-kasid, with well-dated eponyms going from end AdN1 to Shalmaneser 1. (see Billa.) If the eponym is the same person as the noble Babu-aha-iddina<Ibassi-ili, the noble is very well-dated from end- Adad-nirari  to early TN1 in attested letters. This eponym seems more likely to be Adad-nirari 1 - the only factor against this placing is the fact that noble Babu-aha-iddina<Ibassi-ili was primarily active in Shalmaneser 1.

Erib-ellil

Freydank attributes this eponym to Shalmaneser based on Dur-katlimmu, but provides no information to support this placing. As against definite floruit information from prominent and well-dated nobles, this seems pretty weak.

Etel-assur < Musallim-assur

Occurs only in Stela 121 - Etel-assur<mu.SILIM-assur <Assur-[mu]šab?-ši.. Freydank's dating is presumably based on the fact that father Musallim-assur is well-dated to about 1253. No dated letters are published. As with all stelae, the possibility of a homonym from a later period cannot be excluded - especially in view of the lack of dated letters in the major archives..

Istar-idaja

Occurs only in Stela 99[1]  as sakin Tushan. Freydank allocates to Shalmaneser 1 without any explanation. However, there  are no letter occurrences. It seems more reasonable to allocate post-TP1, together with some of the Assur stelae are relatively late.

Kidin-ilani

There is an Assur-kasid (of Billa)  floruit in this eponym, which , as noted above, may indicate an Adad-nirari, rather than Shalmaneser setting. Billa 21 has an eponym …ilani mentioned with eponym Assur-sad-nisesu (definite Adad-nirari 1) – and is plausibly restored as [Kidin]-ilani. Relative to other more closely-dated eponyms, this seems better set in Adad-nirari. 

Samas-tukultu

Harrak dates to Shalmaneser TR 2025.


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[1] (see Assur 1/2). Discussed by Postgate, ZA __.

 

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