What Is CSS?
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
Styles Solved a Big Problem
HTML was never intended to contain tags for formatting a document.
HTML was intended to define the content of a document, like:
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.
To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
In HTML 4.0, all formatting could be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a separate CSS file.
All browsers support CSS today.
CSS Saves a Lot of Work!
CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.
Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing one single file!
The "CSS" column indicates in which CSS version the property is defined (CSS1, CSS2, or CSS3).
Color Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Sets the color of text |
1 |
|
|
Sets the opacity level for an element |
3 |
Background and Border Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Sets all the background properties in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Sets whether a background image is fixed or scrolls with the
rest of the page |
1 |
|
|
Sets the background color of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the background image for an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the starting position of a background image |
1 |
|
|
Sets how a background image will be repeated |
1 |
|
|
Specifies the painting area of the background |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the positioning area of the background images |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the size of the background images |
3 |
|
|
Sets all the border properties in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Sets all the bottom border properties in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Sets the color of the bottom border |
1 |
|
|
Defines the shape of the border of the bottom-left corner |
3 |
|
|
Defines the shape of the border of the bottom-right corner |
3 |
|
|
Sets the style of the bottom border |
1 |
|
|
Sets the width of the bottom border |
1 |
|
|
Sets the color of the four borders |
1 |
|
|
A shorthand property for setting all the border-image-*
properties |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the amount by which the border image area extends
beyond the border box |
3 |
|
|
Specifies whether the image-border should be repeated, rounded
or stretched |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the inward offsets of the image-border |
3 |
|
|
Specifies an image to be used as a border |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the widths of the image-border |
3 |
|
|
Sets all the left border properties in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Sets the color of the left border |
1 |
|
|
Sets the style of the left border |
1 |
|
|
Sets the width of the left border |
1 |
|
|
A shorthand property for setting all the four border-*-radius
properties |
3 |
|
|
Sets all the right border properties in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Sets the color of the right border |
1 |
|
|
Sets the style of the right border |
1 |
|
|
Sets the width of the right border |
1 |
|
|
Sets the style of the four borders |
1 |
|
|
Sets all the top border properties in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Sets the color of the top border |
1 |
|
|
Defines the shape of the border of the top-left corner |
3 |
|
|
Defines the shape of the border of the top-right corner |
3 |
|
|
Sets the style of the top border |
1 |
|
|
Sets the width of the top border |
1 |
|
|
Sets the width of the four borders |
1 |
|
|
box-decoration-break |
Sets the behaviour of the background and border of an element at
page-break, or, for in-line elements, at line-break. |
3 |
|
Attaches one or more drop-shadows to the box |
3 |
Basic Box Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Specifies the bottom position of a positioned element |
2 |
|
|
Specifies which sides of an element where other floating
elements are not allowed |
1 |
|
|
Clips an absolutely positioned element |
2 |
|
|
Specifies how a certain HTML element should be displayed |
1 |
|
|
Specifies whether or not a box should float |
1 |
|
|
Sets the height of an element |
1 |
|
|
Specifies the left position of a positioned element |
2 |
|
|
Specifies what happens if content overflows an element's box |
2 |
|
|
Specifies whether or not to clip the left/right edges of the
content, if it overflows the element's content area |
3 |
|
|
Specifies whether or not to clip the top/bottom edges of the
content, if it overflows the element's content area |
3 |
|
|
Sets all the padding properties in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Sets the bottom padding of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the left padding of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the right padding of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the top padding of an element |
1 |
|
|
Specifies the type of positioning method used for an element
(static, relative, absolute or fixed) |
2 |
|
|
Specifies the right position of a positioned element |
2 |
|
|
Specifies the top position of a positioned element |
2 |
|
|
Specifies whether or not an element is visible |
2 |
|
|
Sets the width of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the vertical alignment of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the stack order of a positioned element |
2 |
Flexible Box Layout
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Specifies the alignment between the lines inside a flexible
container when the items do not use all available space. |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the alignment for items inside a flexible container. |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the alignment for selected items inside a flexible
container. |
3 |
|
|
Specifies how a certain HTML element should be displayed |
1 |
|
|
Specifies the length of the item, relative to the rest |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the initial length of a flexible item |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the direction of the flexible items |
3 |
|
|
A shorthand property for the flex-direction and the flex-wrap
properties |
3 |
|
|
Specifies how much the item will grow relative to the rest |
3 |
|
|
Specifies how the item will shrink relative to the rest |
3 |
|
|
Specifies whether the flexible items should wrap or not |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the alignment between the items inside a flexible
container when the items do not use all available space. |
3 |
|
|
Sets all the margin properties in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Sets the bottom margin of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the left margin of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the right margin of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the top margin of an element |
1 |
|
|
Sets the maximum height of an element |
2 |
|
|
Sets the maximum width of an element |
2 |
|
|
Sets the minimum height of an element |
2 |
|
|
Sets the minimum width of an element |
2 |
|
|
Sets the order of the flexible item, relative to the rest |
3 |
Text Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Specifies whether a punctuation character may be placed outside
the line box |
3 |
|
|
hyphens |
Sets how to split words to improve the layout of paragraphs |
3 |
|
Increases or decreases the space between characters in a text |
1 |
|
|
line-break |
3 |
|
|
Sets the line height |
1 |
|
|
overflow-wrap |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the length of the tab-character |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the horizontal alignment of text |
1 |
|
|
Describes how the last line of a block or a line right before a
forced line break is aligned when text-align is "justify" |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the indentation of the first line in a text-block |
1 |
|
|
Specifies the justification method used when text-align is
"justify" |
3 |
|
|
Controls the capitalization of text |
1 |
|
|
Specifies how white-space inside an element is handled |
1 |
|
|
Specifies line breaking rules for non-CJK scripts |
3 |
|
|
Increases or decreases the space between words in a text |
1 |
|
|
Allows long, unbreakable words to be broken and wrap to the next
line |
3 |
Text
Decoration Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Specifies the decoration added to text |
1 |
|
|
Specyfies the color of the text-decoration |
3 |
|
|
Specyfies the type of line in a text-decoration |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the style of the line in a text decoration |
3 |
|
|
Adds shadow to text |
3 |
|
|
text-underline-position |
3 |
Font Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Sets all the font properties in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Specifies the font family for text |
1 |
|
|
font-feature-setting |
3 |
|
|
@font-feature-values |
3 |
|
|
font-kerning |
3 |
|
|
font-language-override |
3 |
|
|
font-synthesis |
3 |
|
|
font-variant-alternates |
3 |
|
|
font-variant-caps |
3 |
|
|
font-variant-east-asian |
3 |
|
|
font-variant-ligatures |
3 |
|
|
font-variant-numeric |
3 |
|
|
font-variant-position |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the font size of text |
1 |
|
|
Specifies the font style for text |
1 |
|
|
Specifies whether or not a text should be displayed in a
small-caps font |
1 |
|
|
Specifies the weight of a font |
1 |
|
|
A rule that allows websites to download and use fonts other than
the "web-safe" fonts |
3 |
|
|
Preserves the readability of text when font fallback occurs |
3 |
|
|
Selects a normal, condensed, or expanded face from a font family |
3 |
Writing Modes Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Specifies the text direction/writing direction |
2 |
|
|
text-orientation |
3 |
|
|
text-combine-horizontal |
3 |
|
|
Used together with the direction property
to set or return whether the text should be overridden to
support multiple languages in the same document |
2 |
|
|
writing-mode |
3 |
Table Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Specifies whether or not table borders should be collapsed |
2 |
|
|
Specifies the distance between the borders of adjacent cells |
2 |
|
|
Specifies the placement of a table caption |
2 |
|
|
Specifies whether or not to display borders and background on
empty cells in a table |
2 |
|
|
Sets the layout algorithm to be used for a table |
2 |
Lists
and Counters Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Increments one or more counters |
2 |
|
|
Creates or resets one or more counters |
2 |
|
|
Sets all the properties for a list in one declaration |
1 |
|
|
Specifies an image as the list-item marker |
1 |
|
|
Specifies if the list-item markers should appear inside or
outside the content flow |
1 |
|
|
Specifies the type of list-item marker |
1 |
Animation Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Specifies the animation |
3 |
|
|
A shorthand property for all the animation properties below,
except the animation-play-state property |
3 |
|
|
Specifies when the animation will start |
3 |
|
|
Specifies whether or not the animation should play in reverse on
alternate cycles |
3 |
|
|
Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds an animation takes to
complete one cycle |
3 |
|
|
Specifies what values are applied by the animation outside the
time it is executing |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the number of times an animation should be played |
3 |
|
|
Specifies a name for the @keyframes animation |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the speed curve of the animation |
3 |
|
|
Specifies whether the animation is running or paused |
3 |
Transform Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Defines whether or not an element should be visible when not
facing the screen |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the perspective on how 3D elements are viewed |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the bottom position of 3D elements |
3 |
|
|
Applies a 2D or 3D transformation to an element |
3 |
|
|
Allows you to change the position on transformed elements |
3 |
|
|
Specifies how nested elements are rendered in 3D space |
3 |
Transitions Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
A shorthand property for setting the four transition properties |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the name of the CSS property the transition effect is
for |
3 |
|
|
Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds a transition effect
takes to complete |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the speed curve of the transition effect |
3 |
|
|
Specifies when the transition effect will start |
3 |
Basic User Interface Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
Allows you to define certain elements to fit an area in a
certain way |
3 |
|
|
Used with the :before and :after pseudo-elements, to insert
generated content |
2 |
|
|
Specifies the type of cursor to be displayed |
2 |
|
|
Provides the author the ability to style an element with an
iconic equivalent |
3 |
|
|
ime-mode |
3 |
|
|
Specifies where to navigate when using the arrow-down navigation
key |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the tabbing order for an element |
3 |
|
|
Specifies where to navigate when using the arrow-left navigation
key |
3 |
|
|
Specifies where to navigate when using the arrow-right
navigation key |
3 |
|
|
Specifies where to navigate when using the arrow-up navigation
key |
3 |
|
|
Sets all the outline properties in one declaration |
2 |
|
|
Sets the color of an outline |
2 |
|
|
Offsets an outline, and draws it beyond the border edge |
3 |
|
|
Sets the style of an outline |
2 |
|
|
Sets the width of an outline |
2 |
|
|
Specifies whether or not an element is resizable by the user |
3 |
|
|
Specifies what should happen when text overflows the containing
element |
3 |
Multi-column Layout Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
break-after |
3 |
|
|
break-before |
3 |
|
|
break-inside |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the number of columns an element should be divided
into |
3 |
|
|
Specifies how to fill columns |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the gap between the columns |
3 |
|
|
A shorthand property for setting all the column-rule-*
properties |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the color of the rule between columns |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the style of the rule between columns |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the width of the rule between columns |
3 |
|
|
Specifies how many columns an element should span across |
3 |
|
|
Specifies the width of the columns |
3 |
|
|
A shorthand property for setting column-width and column-count |
3 |
|
|
widows |
Sets the minimum number of lines that must be left at the top of
a page when a page break occurs inside an element |
2 |
Paged Media
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
orphans |
Sets the minimum number of lines that must be left at the bottom
of a page when a page break occurs inside an element |
2 |
|
Sets the page-breaking behavior after an element |
2 |
|
|
Sets the page-breaking behavior before an element |
2 |
|
|
Sets the page-breaking behavior inside an element |
2 |
Generated Content for Paged Media
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
marks |
Adds crop and/or cross marks to the document |
3 |
|
Sets the type of quotation marks for embedded quotations |
2 |
Filter Effects Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
filter |
3 |
Image Values and Replaced Content
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
image-orientation |
Specifies a rotation in the right or clockwise direction that a
user agent applies to an image |
3 |
|
image-rendering |
3 |
|
|
image-resolution |
3 |
|
|
object-fit |
3 |
|
|
object-position |
3 |
Masking Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
mask |
3 |
|
|
mask-type |
3 |
Speech Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
mark |
A shorthand property for setting the mark-before and mark-after
properties |
3 |
|
mark-after |
Allows named markers to be attached to the audio stream |
3 |
|
mark-before |
Allows named markers to be attached to the audio stream |
3 |
|
phonemes |
Specifies a phonetic pronunciation for the text contained by the
corresponding element |
3 |
|
rest |
A shorthand property for setting the rest-before and rest-after
properties |
3 |
|
rest-after |
Specifies a rest or prosodic boundary to be observed after
speaking an element's content |
3 |
|
rest-before |
Specifies a rest or prosodic boundary to be observed before
speaking an element's content |
3 |
|
voice-balance |
Specifies the balance between left and right channels |
3 |
|
voice-duration |
Specifies how long it should take to render the selected
element's content |
3 |
|
voice-pitch |
Specifies the average pitch (a frequency) of the speaking voice |
3 |
|
voice-pitch-range |
Specifies variation in average pitch |
3 |
|
voice-rate |
Controls the speaking rate |
3 |
|
voice-stress |
Indicates the strength of emphasis to be applied |
3 |
|
voice-volume |
Refers to the amplitude of the waveform output by the speech
synthesises |
3 |
Marquee Properties
|
Property |
Description |
CSS |
|
marquee-direction |
Sets the direction of the moving content |
3 |
|
marquee-play-count |
Sets how many times the content move |
3 |
|
marquee-speed |
Sets how fast the content scrolls |
3 |
|
marquee-style |
Sets the style of the moving content |
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