| Date | Singapore | SEAsia | China & East Asia | Rest of Asia | World |
| 1945 | 12 Sep: Japanese Southern Region forces surrender to Lord Mountbatten at City Hall. 25 Sep: First schools reopen after Occupation. 1 Oct: Tan Chin Tuan becomes sole MD of OCBC. 2 Oct: Stamp Office resumes collection of stamp duties. |
Philippines, 9 Jan: US landing on Luzon. British North Borneo, Jan-Jun: Sandakan Death Marches aka Borneo Death March from Sandakan to Ranau. British North Borneo, Aug: Massacre of POWs @ Ranau. Indonesia, 17 Aug: Declaration of independence. Indonesia, 5 Oct: Angkatan Darat (later ABRI) formed. Sarawak, 11 Oct: Kuching racial riot. Vietnam, Oct: French troops arrive to restore colonial rule and Viet Minh begins guerrilla warfare. Java, 10-20 Nov: Battle of Surabaya. |
Japan, 6 Aug: First atomic bomb used on Hiroshima. Japan, 9 Aug: Second atomic bomb used on Nagasaki. Japan, 10 Aug: Japan accepts Potsdam Declaration. Japan, 15 Aug: Emperor Hirohito broadcasts Japan's acceptance of Potsdam Declaration. Japan, 15 Aug: Japan renounces its authority over Taiwan. Japan, 2 Sep: Japanese surrender ceremony on USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. |
India, Nov: Start of Red Fort Trials (aka INA Trials). | Crimea, 4-11 Feb: Yalta Conference. Germany 30 April: Hitler commits suicide. Germany, 7 May: Germany surrenders. San Francisco, 26 June: United Nations Charter signed. US, 16 Jul: Trinity, first nuclear bomb tested. Germany, 17 Jul - 2 Aug: Potsdam Conference. Germany, 2 Aug: Potsdam Declaration. Nuremberg, 20 Nov : Begining of Nuremberg trials. |
| 1944 | Lim Peng Siang (林秉祥) passes away. | British North Borneo: Mentani Massacre. | France, 6 June: D-Day. | ||
| 1943 | 26 Sep: Operation Jaywick attack on Japanese ships in Singapore Harbour. 21 Oct: Formation of the Azad Hind provisional government announced by Subhas Chandra Bose. |
India: Great Bengal famine. | US: Chinese Exclusion Act repealed. US: Albert Schatz isolates streptomycin. Europe, 30 Jan: Friedrich Paulus promoted to Generalfeldmarschall. Stalingrad, 31 Jan: Generalfeldmarschall Friedrich Paulus surrenders. Stalingrad, 2 Feb: Remnants of German Sixth Army surrenders, ending Battle of Stalingrad. US, Jun: LA Zoot suit race riot. US, Jun-Aug: Race riots. US, 1-2 Aug: Harlem race riot . |
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| 1942 | Tan Chin Tuan becomes a Joint MD of OCBC. 7 Feb: Japanese Imperial Guards land on Ubin. 7/8 Feb: Japanese 5th & 18th Div land at Sarimbun while Imperial Guards land at Kranji. 9 Feb: Loss of Tengah airfield, Choa Chu Kang & Ama Keng. 10 Feb: Battle of Bukit Timah. 11-14 Feb: Battle of Pasir Panjang Ridge between Askar Melayu, remnants of the British forces & Japanese 18th Div. 14 Feb: Alexandra Hospital massacre. 15 Feb: Singapore surrenders and the Sook Ching begins. 17 Feb: Indian National Army formed. 22 Feb: Sook ching massacre @ Kg Siglap. 7 Apr: Military Court of Justice established. 27 May: Japanese civil courts of justice established. 29 May: Syonan Koto-Hoin (Supreme Court) established. |
Borneo, 1 Jan: Japanese land @ Labuan. Philippines, 7 Jan: Battle of Bataan starts. Malaya, 16 Jan: Japanese land at Batu Pahat. Malaya, 30 Jan: British withdraw from Johore Bahru. Indonesia, Mar: Japan occupies Nederlands Indië. Philippines, 12 Mar: General MacArthur leaves Corregidor for Mindano. Philippines, 9 Apr: Bataan falls. Philippines, 9-24 Apr: Bataan Death March. Philippines, 5-6 May: Battle for Corregidor ends Seige of Corregidor. |
Japan, 18 Apr: Doolittle Raid. | London:
Arthur Waley's English langauge translation of 西游记 (Xi You Ji), Monkey, published. Berlin, 20 Jan: Wannsee Conference (plans for Final Solution presented). US, 19 Feb: Executive Order 9066 interning Japanese Americans. Russia, 21 Aug: Start of Battle of Stalingrad. |
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| 1941 | Malayan Breweries acquires Archipelago Brewery Company. Lee Choon Yung sells Great World (Tua Seh Kai / 大世界) to Shaw. 8 Dec: First Japanese air raid on Singapore. |
8 Dec: Japanese 5th & 18th Div land in Singora, Patani & Kota Bahru. Malaya, 10 Dec: HMS Prince of Wales & HMS Repulse sunk. Borneo, 16 Dec: Miri occupied by Japanese. Malaya, 17 Dec: British evacuate Penang. Malaya, 19 Dec: Japanese take Penang. Borneo, 24 Dec: Kuching occupied by Japanese. Malaya, 26 Dec: British abandon Ipoh. |
Europe, 22 June: Germany invades Russia (Operation Barbarossa). Germany, 3 Aug: Cardinal Clemens von Galen's Münster Cathedral sermon. Newfoundland, 14 Aug: Atlantic Charter. Poland, Oct: Construction of Auschwitz II (Birkenau) extermination camp begins. Poland, Dec: Kulmhof (Chelmno), first extermination camp, opened. Hawaii, 7 Dec: Pearl Harbour. |
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| 1940 | Poland, 20 May: Auschitz concentration camp founded. France, 27 May-4 Jun: Dunkirk evacuation. France, 14 Jun: German forces enter Paris. |
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| 1939 | First Congregation of the Good Shepherd Sisters' arrive. 3 Aug: Opening of Supreme Court Building. |
Siam: Country's name changed to Thailand. | New York, 30 Apr: Opening of the New York World's Fair. 1 Sept: Germany invades Poland and World War II begins. Germany, Oct: Aktion T 4 implemented (euthanasia of the unfit). |
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| 1938 | Carmelite Sisters arrive. Mar: King George VI Graving Dock opened (then the world's largest). Registration of births & deaths made mandatory by the Registration of Births & Deaths Ordinance. 12 Nov: Golf Club renamed the Royal Singapore Golf Club. |
China, Mar-Apr: Battle of T'aierhchuang. | Saudi Arabia: Oil production begins. | Sweden: Pearl S Buck awarded Nobel Prize in Literature. Austria, 12 Mar: Anschluss Österreichs (Austria annexed by Germany). Austria, 27 Mar: Austrian Catholic church gives support to Hitler. Austria, 1 Apr: Austrian Protestant churches give their support to Hitler. Austria, 22 Aug: Central Office for Jewish Emigration opened. Vienna, 7 Oct: Catholic anti-Nazi protest. US, 22 Oct: Chester Carlson makes the first xerographic image. US, 30 Oct: Broadcast of H G Wells' The War of the Worlds. Third Reich, 9 Nov: Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass). Third Reich, Nov-Dec: Otto Hahn performs successful nuclear fission experiments. Sweden, Dec: Lise Meitner explains nuclear fission. |
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| 1937 | Work begins for the Supreme Court Building. Malayan Breweries Ltd formed as a joint venture between F&N & Heineken. Mar: Tiger Balm Gardens opens. 12 Jun: Opening of Kallang Airport. |
Java: Semarang's Kelenteng Sam Poo Kong (Gedung Batu Temple) restored. | China, 7 July: Marco Polo Bridge Incident launches Japanese invasion of China. China, Aug: Battle for Shanghai. China, 13 to end Dec: Nanking Massacre / Rape of Nanking. |
US, 15 Mar: H P Lovecraft (Howard Phillips Lovecraft) passes away in Providence. US, 6 May: Hindenburg Disaster. Ireland, 29 Dec: Irish Constitution comes into force. |
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| 1936 | Criminal Procedure Code enacted. Changi Prison opens. Lim Peng Siang (林秉祥) sells most of his shares in Ho Hong Steamship to OCBC. George Lee Geok Eng founds Happy World (Kwai Lock Seh Kai / 快乐世界). Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer aka Redemptorist Fathers mission started. 1 Jan: Song Ong Siang knighted. 1 June: Radio transmissions by British Malaya Broadcasting Corporation begins at a government building in Empress Place. |
Nederlands Indië: Persatuan Islam Tionghua (PIT) founded in Medan. F&N obtains Coca-Cola franchise for Malaya. Kedah: Quatrich Wales finds first temple site. |
Japan signs Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany. | Germany: Dissolution of Bekennende Kirche (Confessing Church). UK, 30 Nov: Crystal Palace destroyed by fire. | |
| 1935 | Little Sisters of the Poor arrive. 6 Aug: Wee Kheng Chiang founds the United Chinese Bank. 21 Nov: First aircraft lands at Kallang Airport. |
Iran: Diplomatic request made to all countries that the name Iran be used, not Persia. | Germany: Nuremberg Race Laws passed. Germany, 14 Nov: All Jews stripped of citizenship. |
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| 1934 | Hill Street Police Station opening. Sir Shenton Thomas arrives to replace Sir Cecil Clementi as Governor. Government acquires Grand Hotel de l'Europe. Tan Kah Kee Ltd wound up. 8 Aug: Bukit Ho Swee/Tiong Bahru/Havelock Rd fire. |
US: Roger Tory Peterson publishes A Field Guide to the Birds. Austria, 11-12 Feb: Civil war between Heimwehr & Schultzbund. Germany, May: Founding of Bekennende Kirche (Confessing Church) in Barmen. Germany, 30 Jun-1 Jul: Nacht der langen Messer (Night of the Long Knives). Austria, 25 Jul: Nationalist Socialist (Nazi) pustch attempt. Germany, 19 Aug: Hitler elected Führer. |
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| 1933 | Ngee Ann Kongsi (Incorporation) Ordinance. St Patrick's Sch founded. Namazie Mansions completed. 15 Apr: Singapore Turf Club opens Bukit Timah Racecouse. 3 Jun: Opening of Clifford Pier. Jul: Dismantling of Johnston's Pier. 18 Sep: Victoria Bridge School moves to Tyrwhitt Rd & becomes known as Victoria School. 4 Nov: Archipelago Brewery Company brewery for Anchor beer opens on Alexandra Rd. |
Makassar: Partai Tionghua Islam Indonesia (PTII) founded. Malaya, 1 Mar: Founding of Askar Melayu (Malay Regiment). |
US: All Men are Brothers,
Pearl S Buck's English-language translation of 水浒传 (Shui Hu Zhuan / Water Margin), published.
Europe: Austrian Legion begins attacks on Austria. Germany, 30 Jan: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. Germany, 27 Feb: Reichstag Fire. Germany, 28 Feb: Reichstagsbrandverordnung (Reichstag Fire Decree) passed. Austria, 4 Mar: All Speakers of Assembly resign & Parliament dissolves. Austria, 7 Mar: Chancellor Dollfuss invokes the 1917 Emergency Powers Act. Germany, Mar 21: Heinrich Himmler orders construction of concentration camp @ Dachau. Germany, 23 Mar: Enabling Act passed. Germany, 2 May: Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund destroyed. Germany, 10 May: Burning of the books. Chicago, 27 May: Opening of Century of Progress International Exposition. Germany, Jun: Theodor Eicke appointed Kommandant of Dachau. Germany, 5-6 Sep: Prussian General Synod adopts Aryanism (becomes apostate). |
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| 1932 | Merger of 3 banks creates OCBC. Closure of Grand Hotel de l'Europe. Malayan Breweries launches Tiger beer. Cheng Chi Pri founded. Race Course Golf Club liquidated and Island Club founded. All-Malaya Muslim Missionary Society founded by Maulana Shah Muhammad Abdul Aleem Siddiqui Al-Qadri. Arputhanathan & Elizabeth Abisheganaden's Buffalo Rd residence becomes first English language Assemblies of God mission. Tang Choon Keng opens store on River Valley Rd. 27 Aug: Opening of Island Club clubhouse. |
Japan, 15 May: Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi assassinated. | Saudi Arabia, Sep: Kingdom of Saudia Arabia formed with Abd al Aziz as King. | ||
| 1931 | Malayan Breweries founded. Archipel Brouwerij Cie N V, a German company incorporated in Batavia, founds Archipelago Brewery Company. 14 Feb: Opening of Straits Chinese Presbyterian Church's new bldg on Prinsep St. 17 Feb: First air accident. |
Pahang: Control of development of Cameron Highlands handed to Pahang gov't. | China: Chiang Kai-shek / 蔣介石 [jiang jie shi] resigns as Chairman. China, 18 Sep: Mukden Incident which leads to Japanese conquest of Manchuria. |
US: The Good Earth by Pearl S Buck published. Peru, Feb: First aircraft hijacking. |
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| 1930 | First Maha Kumbhabishegam (consecration) for Sri Senpaga Vinayagar Temple @ Ceylon Rd. Shaw opens Capitol Cinema. Keasberry's Prinsep St chapel demolished. 11 Feb: First commercial flight lands at Seletar. |
Indonesia: Sukarno tried and sentenced to 4 yrs jail. | Dominican Republic:
Santo Domingo destroyed by hurricane San Zenon & rebuilt as Ciudad Trujillo by Rafael Trujillo. Holland, 18 Jun: Karl Willem Benjamin Van Kleef passes away. |
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| 1929 Start of the Great Depression |
Completion of the Municipal Building. Capitol Theatre built. Teochew Poit Ip Huay Kuan (新加坡潮州八邑会馆 [xin jia po chao zhou ba yi hui guan]) founded. 28 Jun: Municipality approves building of a golf course at Thomson. 22 Jul: Official opening of Raffles College. 16 Aug: Opening of Admiralty Floating Dock. |
Malaya: J A Russell & A B Milne start a tea plantation in Cameron Highlands & found BOH. Indonesia, Dec: Sukarno arrested by Dutch. |
Italy, 11 Feb: Lateran Treaty between Italy & Vatican forms the Vatican City. UK, Jun: Alexander Fleming publishes his Penicillium notatum findings in The British Journal of Experimental Pathology. Vatican City, 7 June: Formal beginning of Vatican City state. US, Oct: Stock market crash. |
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| 1928 | Majapahit-style jewellery found on Fort Canning. First civil airport - Seletar Airport. Raffles College founded. Alexandra Holdings incorporated (192800017D), taking over Borneo Company. 1 Apr: Assemblies of God missionaries Cecil & Edith Jackson arrive in Singapore. Rev Jackson opens an Assemby of God chapel in Balestier. |
China: Chiang Kai-shek / 蔣介石 [jiang jie shi] aka 蔣中正 [jiang zhong zheng] becomes Generalissimo & Chairman. | Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون / al-ikhwān al-muslimūn) founded by Hassan al-Banna (حسن البنا). | UK: Alexander Fleming discovers Penicillium notatum. | |
| 1927 | Construction of St James Power Station completed. Start of Madrasah Aljunied. Church of St Anthony started @ Mandai w Swatow refugees. Lee Kong Chian (李光前) starts Lee Rubber Co. Founding of Singapore Flying Club. Singapore Turf Club sells Farrer Park to Singapore Improvement Trust & buys land in Bt Timah. March: Kreta Ayer Incident. |
Siam: Haji Sulong returns to Patani. Java: al-Râbitah al-'Alawiyyah founded. Sumatra, 1 Jan: Communist uprising in Silungkang, West Sumatra. |
Japan: Hirohito ascends the throne. | US: Release of Fritz Lang's movie, Metropolis. Vienna, 15 Jul: Black Friday riots. |
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| 1926 | Police Traffic Branch formed. Work begins for the Muncipal Building. Sep: Tan Malaka opposes PKI call for an armed uprising. |
Malaya: FRIM started. Pahang: Development of Cameron Highlands begins. Nederlands Indië, 12 Nov: Communist uprisings start in Batavia & Banten. |
UK, 3 Aug: Joseph Conrad passes away. | ||
| 1925 | Formation of Singapore Traction Company (STC). | China: Kelly & Walsh in Shanghai publishes
San Kuo, or Romance of the Three Kingdoms by C H Brewitt-Taylor
which is the first English translation of 三国演义 (San Guo Yan Yi). China, March: Sun Yat-sen dies of cancer. |
Arabia: Wahhabi armies of Abd al Aziz take Medina. | ||
| 1924 | Completion of Union Building. Oei Tiong Ham (黄仲涵 (Huang Zhong Han)) passes away. Construction of St James Power Station started. Botanic Garden's Economic Garden land taken over to build Raffles College. Singapore Sporting Club becomes the Singapore Turf Club. Opening of Golf Club's Bukit Course. 1 Oct: Kandang Kerbau Hospital (KK) opens. 1 Oct: Founding of Race Course Golf Club. |
Java: PKI starts recruiting in Banten. Nederlands Indië: Perserikatan Kommunist di India (PKI) changes its name to Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) @ their Congress in Batavia. |
Turkey, 2 Mar: Caliphate abolished. Turkey, 4 Mar: Caliph sent into exile. Arabia: Wahhabi armies of Abd al Aziz take Mecca. |
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| 1923 | Second Ocean Building completed. Singapore Cold Storage Company manufactures first ice cream. Founding of Asia Assurance Co Ltd (亚洲保险有限公司). Singapore Ceylon Tamils' Association purchases land for Sri Senpaga Vinayagar Temple @ Ceylon Rd. 1 Aug: Opening of New World Park (Sin Seh Kai / 新世界) in Jln Bersar by Ong Boon Tat & Ong Peng Hock. 16 Sept: Lee Kuan Yew born. |
Nederlands Indië, 11 Nov: Datuk Batuah & Natar Zainuddin arrested. | China: 李宗仁 (Li Tsung-jen / Li Zong Ren) joins the Kuomintang (KMT). | Turkey, 29 Oct: Grand National Assembly proclaims Republic of Turkey with Ankara as capital. Atatürk elected first President by Assembly. | US: Hollywood sign erected. US: H P Lovecraft's first professional story, Dagon, appears in Weird Tales. Mexico, 23 Jul: Pancho Villa killed. |
| 1922 | 31 Mar: Cenotaph unveiled by Prince of Wales. First radio broadcast by amateurs from Fullerton Building. |
Nederlands Indië, Mar: Tan Malaka exiled. Pahang: Road up Fraser's Hill from Gap completed. |
China: Tang Choon Keng leaves Swatow for Nanyang. Japan: First Japanese purpose-built aircraft carrier, Hosho, completed. |
Turkey: Ottoman sultanate abolished. | London, 6 Dec: Irish Free State Agreement signed. |
| 1921 | Lee Kong Chian's first son, Lee Seng Gee, born. Founding of 光明山普觉禅寺 aka Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery (Bright Hill Temple). |
Pahang: Bt Fraser renamed Fraser's Hill. | Egypt: Howard Carter discovers Tutankhamun's tomb near Luxor. Russia, Mar: Kronstadt Rebellion. |
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| 1920 | Founding of Overseas Assurance Corporation (华侨保险有限公司). Lien Ying Chow arrives in Singapore. Golf Club President, John Sime, starts building of golf course in Bt Timah. Oei Tiong Ham (黄仲涵 (Huang Zhong Han)) immigrates from Semarang, Java. 15 Nov: Cenotaph foundation stone laid. |
Nederlands Indië, 28 May: Indische Sociaal Democratische Vereniging (ISDV) renamed Perserikatan Kommunist di India (PKI). | China, 3 Jun: Hendricus J F M Sneevliet arrives in Shanghai. China, Jul: First Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. |
Mexico: Pancho Villa surrenders to Adolfo de la Huerta & retires. Russia, Jul: Second Congress of the Comintern in Moscow & Petrograd. |
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| 1919 | First Ocean Building demolished. Founding of Oversea-Chinese Bank. G R Lambert & Co closes down. Anti-Japanese riots. 6 Feb: Victoria Memorial Hall Raffles Statue unveiled (it was moved from Padang). Jul: Founding of Eurasian Association. 5 Dec: First aircraft to land on Singapore touches down at Farrer Park. |
Pahang: Work on road up Bt Fraser from Gap begins. | China, 4 May:
Student demonstrations against Treaty of Versailles spark off the 五四运动 (May Fourth Movement) & subsequently the 新文化运动 (New Culture Movement). |
India, 13 Apr: Jallianwalabagh massacre (Amritsar Massacre). | Mexico, 10 Apr: Emiliano Zapata killed. 28 June: Treaty of Versailles signed. |
| 1918 Great Flu Pandemic |
Nederlands Indië, 5 Dec: Hendricus J F M Sneevliet (aka Maring) expelled. | Serbia, 28 Apr: Gavrilo Princip
who assissinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand dies of TB. 3 Nov: German fleet at Kiel mutiny. 9 Nov: Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates. 11 Nov: Armistice signed at 11am ending World War I. |
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| 1917 | 15 Jan: Founding of Ho Hong Bank (和丰银行). | Kuala Lumpur, 24 Feb: Loke Yew passes away. Pahang, Nov: Bishop of Singapore visits Bt Fraser & sees its potential as a hill station. |
Europe, 1 Feb: Germany launches unrestricted U-boat blockade of Britain. Russia, Feb: Riots in Petrograd. Russia, Mar: Tsar Nicholas II abdicates. United States, 6 Apr: US declares war on Germany. France, 9 Apr: Battle of Vimy Ridge. Russia, 25 Oct: Lenin leads the storming of the Winter Palace to depose provisional Kerensky government. |
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| 1916 | Commercial Press (商務印書館 / 商务印书馆 / Shang Wu Yin Shu Guan) branch opens. Holy Innocents' English School set up by Father H Duvelle next to Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Upper Serangoon Rd. |
Nederlands Indië: van Helten in Bogor develops bud grafting of rubber trees. | China, 5 Jun: 袁世凱 (Yuan Shih-kai) passes away. | France, 1 July: Start of Battle of the Somme. 28 Aug: Itay declares war on Germany. Austria, 21 Nov: Emperor Francis Joseph passes away. Austria, 30 Nov: Funeral of Emperor Francis Joseph. |
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| 1915 | 15 Feb: Sepoy Mutiny. Muhammedan Advisory Board set up. |
Formosa, 5-6 Aug: Battle of Ta-pa-ni (噍吧哖). China, 12 Dec: 袁世凱 (Yuan Shih-kai) proclaims himself Emperor. |
Ottoman Empire: Beginning of Armenian Genocide. | 22 Mar: Premyśl surrenders to Russian forces. Irish Channel, 7 May: British liner Lusitania sunk by U-boat. |
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| 1914 | YWCA obtains own premises @ 8 Ft Canning Rd. Lim Peng Siang (林秉祥) founds Ho Hong Steamship Co Ltd. |
Java: Jam'iyyat al-Irshâd founded. Java, 9 May: Founding of Indische Sociaal Democratische Vereniging (ISDV) in Semarang. |
China, 2 Sep: German city of Tsingtao falls to Japanese 18th Div. | US: Library of Congress Legislative Reference Service starts. US: H P Lovecraft (Howard Phillips Lovecraft) invited to join United Amateur Press Association. Serbia, 28 June: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria assassinated at Sarajevo sparking off World War I. Europe, 6 July: Kaiser Wilhelm II promises unconditional support for Austria. Europe, 23 Jul: Austrian ultimatium delivered to Serbia. Europe, 28 Jul: Austria declares war on Serbia. Europe, 4 Aug: German forces begin invasion of Belgium. US, 1 Sep: Death of Martha, the last Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius). Europe, Sep 5-10: Battle of the Marne. |
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| 1913 | Opening of King's Dock. Karl Willem Benjamin Van Kleef returns to Holland. 17 Apr: Singapore-Kranji Railway sold to Federated Malay States. |
Dutch end Sultanate of Riau. | China: 袁世凱 (Yuan Shih-kai) cracks down on the 國民黨 (Kuomintang). | Ottoman Empire, Jan: Coup by Enver Pasha. Young Turks take power. Mexico, 9 Apr: Pancho Villa attacks Mexican Northwestern Train No. 7 & makes off with 122 bars of silver bullion which is used to finance creation of División del Norte. Europe, 30 May: Signing of Treaty of London ending First Balkan War. Europe, 30 Jun: Bulgaria attacks Serbia, starting Second Second Balkan War. Bucharest, Aug: End of Second Balkan War. |
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| 1912 | Founding of Chinese Commercial Bank. Straits Settlement Ports Ordinance passed. 14 May: A S Desker passes away. 26 Mar: Opening of Kallang Reservoir. 1 Sep: The Colonial yacht, Seamew, rams HMS Waterwitch, sinking it. |
China, 12 Feb: Regent announces abdication of Emperor. China, Mar: 孫逸仙 (Sun Yat-sen) resigns and 袁世凱 (Yuan Shih-kai) takes over the Republic. |
Berlin: University of Berlin gives J J M de Groot the chair of professor of Chinese. Atlantic, 14/15 Apr: Sinking of the Titanic. Europe, 8 Oct: Start of Balkan Wars. 18 Oct: Treaty of Lausanne. Turkey agrees to withdraw from Tripoli & Cyrenaica while Greece withdraws from the Aegean Islands. Europe, 28 Nov: Albania declares independence. |
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| 1911 | Mar: First plane flies over Singapore. Closure of Wee Bin & Company chop Hong Cuan. |
Dutch depose Sultan of Riau. | China, 10 Oct:
Soldiers in Wuhan rebel which leads to the end of Manchu occupation of China. China, Dec: 孫逸仙 (Sun Yat-sen) becomes President of the new Republic of China. |
London, 9 May: Admiralty publishes first edition of Singapore Road,
a nautical map of the waters around Singapore (municipality). Mexico, 11 May: Pancho Villa & Pascual Orozco take Ciudad Juarez. Belgrade, 11 May: Founding of Cerna Ruka (Black Hand). Europe, 29 Sep: Italy declares war on Turkey. North Africa, 3 Oct: Italy attacks and captures Tripoli from the Turks. 14 Dec: Roald Amundsen reaches the South Pole. |
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| 1910 | Sep: Church of the Sacred Heart @ Tank Rd consecrated for the Cantonese; it the second Chinese Roman Catholic church. | Japan formally annexes Korea. | Mexico: Pancho Villa & his bandits join Francisco Madero's revolution. Guatemala: United Fruit Company takes over & grants itself tax-free status. UK, 6 May: King Edward VII passes away. |
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| 1909 | HMS Waterwitch surveys Singapore waters for Admiralty map. Alkaff Arcade built. Opening of Central Fire Station. Formation of Singapore Ceylon Tamils' Association (SCTA). |
British advisor installed in Johore. Siam cedes Kedah, Terengganu, Kelantan & Perlis to Britain. |
China: Accession of Puyi the child-emperor. | 6 Apr: Robert Peary reaches the North Pole. (Fredrick Cook claims to have reached it in Apr 1908) | |
| 1908 | Opium Commission. Foundation stone for Church of the Sacred Heart @ Tank Rd laid. 12 Mar: David Marshall born. 21 Nov: Tan Chin Tuan born. |
Sumatra: Tax rebellion in West Sumatra. | China: Death of Empress Dowager Cixi. | Rome: Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition
reorganised into the Congregation of the Holy Office. Europe, 5 Oct: Emperor Francis Joseph formally annexes Bosnia & Herzegovina. |
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| 1907 | Opening of Grand Hotel de l'Europe. Opening of Raffles Library and Museum extension block. |
Ottoman Empire: Formation of Committee of Union and Progress (Young Turks). | Merger of Shell Transport and Trading Company
and Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Petroleum-bronnen
in Nederlandsche-Indië to become Royal Dutch Shell. Hamburg, 17 Dec: Alexander Koch passes away. |
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| 1906 | Muslim Endowments Board set up. 22 Jan: Alexander Koch leaves S'pore to return to Hamburg. |
Bali: Dutch conquer remaining kingdoms. | |||
| 1905 | Introduction of electric trams. The Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States Government Medical School founded. 7 Apr: Government appropriates Tanjong Pagar Dock Co. 1 July: Tanjong Pagar Dock Co becomes Tanjong Pagar Dock Board. Oct: Opening ceremony for Victoria Memorial Hall. |
Java: Staatsspoorbond (State Railway Union), the first labour union, formed. | 14 May: Russian fleet defeated by Japanese at Battle of Tsushima. | US: National Association of Audubon Societies incorporated. British North Borneo Company passes administration of Labuan to the Colonial Office. France, 24 Mar: Jules Verne passes away. |
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| 1904 | Foundation stone for Church of St Joseph @ Victoria St laid by bishop of Macao. St Joseph's Church bldg @ Victoria St completed. Tan Kah Kee (陳嘉庚) sets up pineapple cannery. Last tiger shot at Goodwood House. Stamford House built. |
Dutch capture Sultan Taha of Jambi. | China, 8 Feb: Japanese launch attack on Port Arthur (Russo-Japanese War). China, 20 Dec: Port Arthur surrenders to Japanese. |
Germany: Max Weber publishes Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus. | |
| 1903 | Fingerprinting introduced. Second F&N factory constructed @ Anson Rd. |
End of Aceh War. | Cuba, Dec: United States leases land at Guantánamo Bay. US, 17 Dec: First powered flight by Wright brothers at Kitty Hawk, NC. |
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| 1902 | First Chinese plain-clothes | Siam: Patani made a province of Siam. | Arabia: Abd al Aziz takes Riyadh. | ||
| 1901 | 21-23 Apr: King George V & Queen Mary visits. | Patani: Siam starts collecting poll tax from Patani. Philippines, 23 Mar: Aguinaldo captured. Philippines, 4 Jul: US military rule ends. |
UK: H G Wells publishes The First Men in the Moon. UK, 22 Jan: Queen Victoria passes away. |
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| 1900 | The Kg Glam Malay School's English class becomes Victoria Bridge School. 19 Apr: New Harbour renamed Keppel Harbour. 17 Aug: Formation of Straits Chinese British Association (SCBA). |
Borneo, 31 Jan: Mat Salleh killed. | China: Boxer Rebellion. | Paris, 14 Apr - 10 Nov: Fifth Exposition Universelle. US, 25 Dec: First Christmas Bird Census (aka Christmas Bird Count). |
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| 1899 | Singapore Chinese Girls' School (SCGS) founded. Alexandra Brickworks registered. 9 Sep: Gan Eng Seng passes away. |
Philippines, 4 Feb: War of Resistance against US begins. | Johann Strauss passes away. | ||
| 1898 | Fraser & Neave Ltd formed. 9 Mar: Henry Fillipe Desker passes away. |
Philippines, 1 May: US Asiatic Squadron
sinks Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. Philippines, 13 Aug: US takes control of Manila. |
China: 'Hundred Days Reform' begins. | UK: H G Wells publishes The War of the Worlds. US, 25 Apr: US declares war on Spain. France, 10 Dec: Spain signs Treaty of Paris ceding Philippines, Guam, & Puerto Rico to US. |
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| 1897 | Electrification of wharves. Feb: Cathedral of the Good Shepherd consecrated after cathedral expansion completed. |
British North Borneo, 13 Nov: Mat Salleh (Sulleh) Rebellion begins. | China: Birth of Tan Lark Sye (陳六使). China: Commercial Press (商務印書館 / 商务印书馆 / Shang Wu Yin Shu Guan) founded in Shanghai. |
Cairo: Founding of al-Azhar's library. | Brahms passes away. UK: H G Wells publishes The Invisible Man. UK: Abraham Stoker (Bram Stoker) publishes Dracula. |
| 1896 | Survey of health conducted First car, a Mercedes Benz, imported. |
Philippines, 29 Aug: Katipunan rebellion begins. Philippines, 30 Dec: José Rizal executed by governor. |
UK: Joseph Conrad marries Jessie George. | ||
| 1895 | St Anthony's Boys' and Girls' Sch expands to include an orphanage and a boarding sch. | Negri Sembilan becomes a British proctectorate. Lombok: Dutch conquer island. |
Japan, 17 Apr: Treaty of Shimonoseki between Japan & China [Taiwan ceded to Japan]. | UK: Joseph Conrad publishes his first novel, Almayer's Folly. UK: H G Wells publishes The Time Machine. |
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| 1894 | Canossian Daughters of Charity arrive & set up an orphanage on Middle Rd. 29 Sep: Opening of impounding reservoir along Thomson Rd. |
Lombok: Dutch aids Sasak rebellion against Balinese rule. | Ottoman Empire: Start of the Armenian Massacres by Sultan Abdul Hamid II to dechristianise Anatolia. | Germany: Friedrich Engels publishes vol 3 of Karl Marx's Das Kapital,
Der Gesamtprozeß der kapitalistischen Produktion. UK: Joseph Conrad stops sailing and starts writing. |
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| 1893 | Lim Boon Keng (林文慶) sets up clinic @ Telok Ayer. | China, 18 Oct: Lee Kong Chian (李光前) born. | Germany: Friedrich Engels publishes vol 3 of Karl Marx's Das Kapital,
Der Zirkulationsprozeß des Kapitals. Chicago: George Ferris builds first ferris wheel. Hawaii, 17 Jan: American conquest of Hawaii. Chicago, 1 May - 31 Oct: World's Columbian Exhibition. |
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| 1892 | A L Johnston & Co closes down. 27 Feb: Tan Kim Ching (陳金鐘) passes away. |
Philippines: José Rizal returns & is exiled to Mindanao. | |||
| 1891 | 17 Jun: Opening of the Golf Club. | Java: Discovery of Java man @ Trinil by Eugene Dubois. Lombok: Sasak rebel against Balinese rule. |
José Rizal publishes El Filibusterismo. Netherlands: University of Leiden appoints Jan Jakob Maria de Groot professor of ethnography. |
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| 1890 | Tan Kah Kee (陳嘉庚) arrives in Singapore. 20 Jan: Straits Steamship Company incorporated. |
Japan: First Japanese Diet. | Colonial Office passes administration of Labuan to the British North Borneo Company. Holland: Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Petroleum-bronnen in Nederlandsche-Indië founded. US, 29 Dec: Massacre at Wounded Knee. |
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| 1889 | Secret societies outlawed. 9 June: Ong Ewe Hai passes away. |
China: Guangxi (Kuang-hsu) ascends the throne. | Paris, 31 Mar: Inauguration of Eiffel Tower. Paris, 6 May - 31 Oct: Fourth Exposition Universelle. |
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| 1888 | Henry Ridley arrives as Director of the Botanic Gardens. Church of the Good Shepherd becomes Cathedral of the Good Shepherd as the seat of the See of Malacca. Church of Our Lady of Lourdes founded for Tamil community. |
North Borneo becomes protectorate of Great Britain. Java, Jul: Banten rebellion. Brunei, 17 Sep: Brunei becomes a protectorate of the British. |
UK: Great Eastern sent to be broken up. Rome, 10 Aug: Pope Leo XIII re-establishes See of Malacca to take over Apostolic Vicarate of Malaya. |
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| 1887 | Bronze Raffles Statue by Thomas Woolner erected at Padang. First phase of Telok Ayer land reclamation completed. Cpt W G Shellabear arrives. 1 Jul: Registration of Deeds Ordinance comes into force. 12 Oct: Raffles Library and Museum opened by Sir Fredrick Weld. |
Pahang becomes a British proctectorate. Philippines: José Rizal makes a brief visit home. |
US: George Bird Grinnell disbands his Audubon Society. Chicago, 11 Nov: Haymarket Square Rally organisers executed. |
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| 1886 | Crown Lands Ordinance. 23 Feb: St Anna's moves into a new bldg & is renamed St Anthony's Boys' and Girls' Sch. 26 Nov: Gustave Richard Lambert granted certification of naturalization. |
Johore, 29 Jul: Coronation of Sultan of Johore. | Japan: Hiroshima garrison expanded to 5th Div. | Berlin: Publication of José Rizal's Noli Me Tangere. UK: Teodor Józef Konrad Nalecz-Korzeniowski becomes a British citizen & changes his name to Joseph Conrad. US: George Bird Grinnell starts the Audubon Society. Chicago, 4 May: Haymarket Riot. |
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| 1885 | Gan Eng Seng founds Anglo-Chinese Free School. | Tianjin Convention. Japan, 8 Nov: Tomoyuki Yamashita born in Shikoku. |
India: Indian National Congress founded. | ||
| 1884 | Steam dredge starts work on Singapore River. Coroner's Ordinance passed. Mar: Alexander Koch joins G R Lambert & Co. |
Perak: First bunglow on Maxwell Hill, The Cottage, built for the Resident of Perak. | US: Albert Blake Dick patents the Mimeograph Stencil. | ||
| 1883 | Sept: John Fraser & David Chalmers Neave form The Singapore and Straits Aerated Water Company. | Vietnam forced to become French protectorate. Borneo: British North Borneo Company capital moved to Sandakan. Indonesia, 27 Aug: Krakatau volcanic eruption. |
London, 14 Mar: Karl Marx passes away. | ||
| 1882 | British North Borneo Company formed w Kudat as capital. | US: Chinese Exclusion Act passed. Spain: José Rizal enters University of Madrid. |
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| 1881 | First telephone service begins. First Chinese newspaper, Lat Pau, started. |
Alfred Dent forms the British North Borneo Provisional Association. | |||
| 1880 | Mohammedan Marriage Ordinance. | ||||
| 1879 | Bennet Pell starts first telephone exchange. Bt Timah land acquired by Botanic Gardens for an Economic Garden. First phase of Telok Ayer land reclamation starts. 1 May: Tanjong Pagar Dock Co opens Albert Dock. 1 Aug: Fr Jose Pedro Sta Anna de Cunha of St Joseph's starts St Anna's Sch on Middle Rd. |
NZ: John Turnbull Thomson resigns his position as Surveyor-General. 29 Aug: Agreement for the Working of the China and Japan Trade, Outwards and Homewards signed. |
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| 1878 | Prussia: Congress of Berlin. | ||||
| 1877 | 1 Jan: Formation of Post Office Savings Bank. First rubber seeds planted in Botanics. William Pickering appointed first Protector of Chinese. 1 Oct: Registration of Chinese under the Chinese Protectorate begins. |
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| 1876 | Col Samuel Dunlop appointed Inspector-General of Straits Settlement Police Force. English class established in Kg Glam Malay School. |
China: Jan Jakob Maria de Groot arrives in 厦门 (Xiamen / Amoy). | UK, 1 May: Queen Victoria takes on the title Empress of India. NZ, 1 May: John Turnbull Thomson takes office as the first Surveyor-General. US, 25 Jun: Battle of Little Bighorn (Custer's Last Stand). |
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| 1875 | Patent Slip and Dock Co becomes New Harbour Dock Co. Government takes over Botanic Gardens. Sophia Cooke founds YWCA. |
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| 1874 | Steam winches & cranes installed @ Tg Pagar wharves. | 20 Jan: Signing of Pangkor Treaty
(first Malay states (Perak, Selangor, Sungai Ujung) come under British 'protection') Capital of Aceh falls to Dutch. |
China, 21 Oct: Tan Kah Kee (陳嘉庚) born. | NZ: John Turnbull Thomson publishes Hakayit Abdullah, his translation of Munshi Abdullah's Hikayat Abdullah. | |
| 1873 | Last Indian convicts leave. First birth and death registrations. |
Dutch invade Aceh (Aceh War). | France: Jules Verne publishes Le Tour du Monde en Quatre-vingts Jours (Around the World in Eighty Days). | ||
| 1872 | Chinese riots. Female ward of hospital @ Kandang Kerbau converted to Lock Hospital for treatment of female VD. Kay Cheang, Ewe Hai & Co becomes Ong Ewe Hai & Co. |
Philippines, 20-22 Jan: Cavite Province rebellion. Philippines, 17 Feb: Spanish execute three Filipino priests. |
China: Lim Peng Siang (林秉祥) born in Fujian Province. | UK: Great Eastern retired from cable-laying. UK, Nov: Rev Lewis Page Mercier publishes, Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Seas, the first English language translation of Jules Verne's Voyage au Centre de la Terre. |
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| 1871 | 11 Feb: Singapore Railway Co Ltd formed. 16 Mar: Thai King Somdetch Phra Paramindr Maha Chulalonkorn lands in S'pore. 2 Apr: Census. Dec:Ong Soon Tee born. |
Versailles, 18 Jan: Kaiser Wilhelm I proclaimed emperor of Germany,
founding the Deutsches Reich (German Empire or Second Reich)
out of the North German Federation. France: Defeat of the Paris Commune. Italy, 13 May: Italian law passed limiting papal sovereignty to the Vatican. |
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| 1870 | Patent Slip & Dock Co opens Dock No 2. Church of St Peter and Paul founded for Chinese community. |
Italy: Victor Emmanuel conquers Rome & makes it capital of Italy. France: Jules Verne publishes Vingt Mille Lieues sous Les Mers (Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea). Europe: Start of Franco-Prussian War. |
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| 1869 | May: Births & Deaths Registration Ordinance (XVIII of 1868) came into force. 18 Oct: Birth of Lim Boon Keng (林文慶). |
Japan: Defeat of the last Tokugawa forces; capital moved to Edo (Tokyo). | India, 2 Oct: Gandhi born in Porbandar on the Gujarat peninsula. | US, 10 May: Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad. 17 Nov: Suez Canal opens. |
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| 1868 | Wee Bin (黄敏) passes away. Buyers & Robb opens Bon Accord Dock @ P Brani. 17 Oct: Tanjong Pagar Dock Co opens Victoria dock. |
Japan, 3 Jan: Meji restoration proclaimed. | St Petersburg Declaration outlaws explosive antipersonnel bullets. England: Rajah Brooke passes away. US: Christopher Latham Sholes patents the first typewriter. |
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| 1867 | Gustave Richard Lambert opens his photographic studio @ 1 High St. 1 Apr: Straits Settlements handed over to the Colonial Office. |
Japan: Mutsuhito takes the throne as Emperor Meji. | Germany: Karl Marx publishes vol 1 of
his Das Kapital: Kritik dep Politischen Öekonomie (Der Produktionsprozeß des Kapitals). Russia sells Alaska to the US. |
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| 1866 | Tanjong Pagar Dock Co opens with 750ft of wharves. Patent Slip & Dock Co opens dock @ Pantai Chermin. Marine Police formed. |
Java: Oei Tiong Ham (黄仲涵 (Huang Zhong Han)) born in Semarang. | China, 12 Nov: Sun-yat Sen born in Guangdong. | Orissa (India): Famine caused by British shutdown of salt industry. | Europe, 3 Jul: Battle of Königgerãtz. US, 27 Jul: Great Eastern finishes laying the second transatlantic cable. |
| 1865 | Tan Kim Ching (陳金鐘) made Justice of Peace. 1 Jun: Desker & Co opens for business. |
US, 31 Jan: 13th Amendment to the US Constitution
abolishing slavery passed by Congress. US, 9 April: General Robert E Lee surrenders to General Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox. US, 14 April: President Abraham Lincoln assassinated. US, May: Remaining Confederate forces surrender ending the Civil War. US, 6 Dec: 13th Amendment to the US Constitution abolishing slavery ratified. |
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| 1864 | First Ocean Building completed. 24 May: First gas lamps. |
First Geneva Convention protects wounded. NZ: John Turnbull Thomson publishes Some Glimpses into Life in the Far East. France: Jules Verne publishes Voyage au Centre de la Terre (Journey to the Centre of the Earth). UK: Great Eastern sold to Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company to do cable-laying. |
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| 1863 | 1 Jan: Stamp duty introduced. Tanjong Pagar Dock Co prospectus issued. |
30 May: Muhammad Tahir dies. Ahmad becomes first Sultan of Pahang. |
North America, 1-3 July: Battle of Gettysburg. UK, Jul: Report of first committee of inquiry published (on failure of first transatlantic cable). |
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| 1862 | Police Detective Branch formed. | Prussia, 23 Sep: Kaiser Wilhelm I appoints Count Otto von Bismarck as Chancellor. | |||
| 1861 | Philippines: José Rizal born. Perak, Jul: Start of Larut Wars. |
China: Emperor Xianfeng dies and Empress Dowager Cixi takes power. | North America, 9 Feb:
The Confederate States of America formed with Jefferson Davis as President. North America, 12 Apr: Confederate forces attack Fort Sumter starting the American Civil War. UK, Apr: First committee of inquiry submits its report (on failure of first transatlantic cable). |
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| 1860 | Indian convict transportation to the Straits ended. Agri-horticultural Society founded. |
Italy: Victor Emmanuel's army completes conquest of the Papal States. | |||
| 1859 | Cpt William Cloughton builds Dock No 1. | Vietnam: French take Saigon. | China: Emigration laws relaxed. | Feb: John Stuart Mill publishes On Liberty. UK: First committee of inquiry formed (to investigate failure of first transatlantic cable). Europe, 24 Jun: Battle of Solferino. |
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| 1858 | Commercial Square renamed Raffles Place. General hospital (Seaman's Hospital & Police Hospital) built in Kandang Kerbau. |
Start of Pahang Civil War between brothers Muhammad Tahir & Ahmad. | UK: End of East India Company. UK, 31 Jan: Great Eastern, then the largest ship in the world, finally launched. Atlantic, 5 Aug: First transatlantic cable completed. UK, 16 Aug: First transatlantic public telegraph sent. US, 17 Aug: First commercial transatlantic telegraph sent. Atlantic, Sept: First transatlantic cable fails. |
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| 1857 | Opening of Hotel de l'Europe. Ong Sam Leong born. Aug: Father Anatole Manduit buys land for St Joseph's in Bt Timah. |
Pahang Bendahara Ali passes away. Sarawak, 18 Mar: Attack on Rajah Brooke. Banka, 10 Jul: The HMS Transit hits a reef & founders. |
Indian Mutiny. | Ukraine 3 Dec: Teodor Józef Konrad Nalecz-Korzeniowski (Joseph Conrad) born. Ireland, 5 Aug: First attempt to lay a transatlantic cable begins. Atlantic, 11 Aug: First attempt to lay a transatlantic cable fails. UK, 3 Nov: Failed attempt to launch the Great Eastern, then the largest ship in the world. |
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| 1856 | Police Act passed. First attempt to dredge Singapore River. |
NZ, Feb: John Turnbull Thomson arrives in Auckland. Paris, 30 Mar: Treaty of Paris signed, ending the Crimean War. |
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| 1855 | Foundation stone for St Joseph's Sch laid. John Turnbull Thomson returns. |
Paris, 15 May - 15 Nov: First Exposition Universelle
(Palais d'Industrie exhibition hall built for this expo). 11 Sep: Sebastopol (Sevastopol) falls. |
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| 1854 | Sisters of the Holy Infant Jesus opens a girls' sch. 5 May: Teochew-Hokkien riots start. 6 June: Teochew-Hokkien riot trials start. |
Europe, 28 Mar: France and UK declare war on Russia. UK, 10 Jun: Crystal Palace park at Sydenham opened by Queen Victoria. Crimea, 14 Sep: Allied Turkish, French & British forces invade Crimea, landing at Kalamata Bay. Crimea, 25 Sep: Seige of Sevastopol (Sebastopol) begins. Crimea, 25 Oct: Battle of Balaklava (Charge of the Light Brigade). |
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| 1853 | May: John Turnbull Thomson returns to England on sick leave. | China: Amoy Rebellion. Japan: Commodore Matthew Perry sails into Tokyo Bay and forces trade on Japan. |
UK: Vaccination made compulsory. Europe, Jul: Tsar Nicholas attacks Moldaria & Wallachia starting the Crimean War. 5 Oct: Turkey declares war on Russia. |
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| 1852 | La Salle Brothers arrive. 6 Nov: Syed Omar al Junied passes away & is buried in Victoria St. |
France, 14 Jan: French Constitution of 1852. UK, 14 Sep: Launch of HM Windsor Castle, then the largest ship in the world. UK, 1 Oct: HM Windsor Castle renamed HM Duke of Wellington. France, 7 Nov: Senate votes to make Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte Emperor. France, 2 Dec: Formation of the Second Empire with President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte becoming Emperor Napoleon III. |
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| 1851 | Anti-Catholic riot. Tan Kim Ching (陳金鐘) renames his father's company to Kim Ching & Co chop Chin Seng (成行). St Joseph's Church (Portuguese Mission) founded. Oct: Horsburgh Lighthouse lights up. |
China: Accession of Emperor Xianfeng. | US: Isaac Merritt Singer & Edward C Clark form I M Singer & Company. London, 1 May - 15 Oct: Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations aka Crystal Palace Exhibition (first world expo). France, 2 Dec: Coup d’état by President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. France, 22-23 Dec: Plebiscite ratifys Napoleon's coup. |
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| 1850 | Tan Tock Seng (陳篤生) passes away. 17 Oct: Jozé d'Almeida [Jose d'Almeida] passes away. |
Istanbul, Aug: Truce between Ottoman Empire & Spain. | US: Issac Merritt Singer patents his sewing machine. | ||
| 1849 | Work starts on Horsburgh Lighthouse. Tan Tock Seng Hospital opens. Kay Cheang, Ewe Hai & Co founded. |
US, 7 Oct: Edgar Allan Poe passes away. | |||
| 1848 | Batu Belayer demolished. 13 Mar: Andrew Farquhar passes away. |
Nederlands Indië: Oil palms frm West Africa planted in Bogor. | France, 23 Feb: Prime Minister Guizot resigns. France, 24 Feb: Proclaimation of Deuxième République (Second Republic). France, 26 Feb: Provisional government formed. London, 14 Apr: Publication of Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei (Communist Manifesto) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels. |
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| 1847 | Jun: Opening of Church of the Good Shepherd @ junction of Bras Brasah & Victoria St. | ||||
| 1846 | Hokkien-Teochew riot. Father Anatole Manduit starts a second Roman Catholic church along Sg Kranji dedicated to St Joseph. |
Bali: Dutch occupy Buleleng & Jembrana. Brunei: British take Brunei. Labuan, 24 Dec: British take possession of the island. |
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| 1845 | Straits Times founded. Pearl's Hill prison built. Ngee Ann Kongsi (義安公司 [yi an gong si]) founded. P&O starts scheduled steamship service through Singapore. |
Malacca: Birth of Gan Eng Seng. Brunei, Dec: Massacre of Muda Hassim & his relatives. |
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| 1844 | Jul: Alphonse-Eugène-Jules Itier visits on his way to China
& takes daguerreotype photographs of S'pore. 25 Jul: Foundation stone for Tan Tock Sing Hospital laid @ Pearl's Hill. |
Haiti, 27 Feb: Juan Pablo Duarte declares independence of Dominican Republic. | |||
| 1843 | Singapore Stone blown up. 23-25 Feb: First horse race meet. Jun: Foundation stone for Church of the Good Shepherd @ junction of Bras Brasah & Victoria St laid. Sep: Thomas Dunman appointed Deputy Magistrate & Superintendent of Police. |
London: Jose d'Almeida describes gutta percha to the Royal Asiatic Society. | |||
| 1842 | William Montgomerie moves to Malacca. 4 Oct: Founding of the Singapore Sporting Club. |
Borneo: Sultan of Brunei makes James Brooke a Rajah. | China, Aug: British force China to sign the Treaty of Nanking ending the First Opium War. | ||
| 1841 | William Henry Read arrives in Singapore. 1 Sep: Jewish Synagogue Ordinance passed. Nov: John Turnbull Thomson takes up position as Government Surveyor for the Eastern Settlements. |
Borneo, 24 Sept: Pangeran Muda Hashim makes James Brooke governor of Sarawak. Philippines, 1 Nov: Cofradía rebellion defeated at Alitao. Philippines, 5 Nov: Brother Apolinario executed. |
Rome, Sep: Apostolic Vicariate of Siam divided into Apostolic Vicariate of Siam w Father Jean Baptist Pallegoix as Vicar Apostolic of Siam & Apostolic Vicariate of Malaya w J P Hilaire Courvezy as Vicar Apostolic of Malaya. | ||
| 1840 | 1 Jan: Straits Land Act No. XVI of 1839 comes into force. | China, June: British expeditionary force arrives from Singapore. China, 21 Aug: Commissioner Lin dismissed by Emperor for lying. |
UK: Variolation banned. Rome: Pope Gregory XVI confirms Vicar Apostolic of Siam's jurisdiction over Malayan Peninsula. UK, 10 Feb: Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg. |
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| 1839 | Singapore Land Regulations repealed by Indian administration. Bishop B Brugiere visits. Oct: Father Jean-Marie Beurel arrives. |
Borneo: James Brooke founds Kuching. | Korea: Father Imbert executed. China, 25-27 Mar: Commissioner Lin blockades the foreign quarter in Canton until all opium is surrendered. China, 3 Nov: Two British frigates attack the Chinese fleet at Hong Kong sinking five. |
France: Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre unveils his daguerreotype process. | |
| 1838 | 1 Jan: Grants of 999-year land leases ceases & 99-year or 60-year leases given instead. | China, Oct : Emperor orders Lin Tse-hsü to eliminate opium addiction. | London, 20 Jun: Final set of John James Audubon's The Birds of America published. | ||
| 1837 | John Turnbull Thomson arrives. 8 Feb: Formation of the Singapore Chamber of Commerce. |
Sumatra: End of Paderi Wars. | UK, 20 Jun: King William IV passes away. | ||
| 1836 | |||||
| 1835 | Sultan Hussein passes away. | Tejas, 6 Mar: Fall of the Alamo. Tejas, 21 Apr: Battle of San Jacinto. |
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| 1834 | China, 1 Aug: Robert Morrison passes away in Canton. | Rome, 15 Jul: Spanish Inquisition abolished by royal decree. UK, 1 Aug: Slavery Abolition Bill comes into force ending slavery in the Commonwealth. |
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| 1833 | Singapore Land Regulations declared invalid. | Ruler of Jambi allies with the Dutch. | UK: Military commissions restricted to Europeans. US: The Saturday Visitor awards Edgar Allan Poe a prize for his short story, MS. Found in a Bottle. |
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| 1833 | France, 5 Jul: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce passes away. | ||||
| 1832 | First Roman Catholic congregation, Church of the Good Shepherd, founded. Father Etienne Albrand arrives. |
Europe: London Convention of 1832 forces Turkey to recognise Greek independence. | |||
| 1831 | Belgium, 7 Feb: Constitution proclaimed. Belgium, 25 Feb: Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier appointed regent of Belgium. Belgium, 21 Jul: Leopold I crowned. Belgium, 2-12 Aug: Dutch invasion - the Ten Days Campaign. |
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| 1830 | Singapore Land Regulations. Feb: Ong Ewe Hai born. 20 Jun: Straits Settlements placed under Bengal Presidency - Straits Settlements' Presidency reduced to a Residency. |
Capture and exile of Pangeran Diponegoro ends Java War. Dutch introduces the 'Cultivation System'. |
Belgium:
Belgium withdraws from the Union of Utrecht to become independent. France, 30 Apr: King Charles X dissolves the National Guard. UK, 26 Jun: King George IV passes away. France, 25 Jul: King Charles X signs the July Ordinances aka Ordinances of Saint-Cloud. France, 26 Jul: Ordinances of Saint-Cloud published. France, 27-28: July Revolution aka French Revolution of 1830 ending the Bourbon Restoration. France, 9 Aug: Louis-Philippe of the House of Orléans becomes King of the French - the July Monarchy. Brussels, 25 Aug - 26 Sep: Belgian Revolution. Belgium, 4 Oct: Declaration of independence. |
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| 1829 | France: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce starts working with Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre. | ||||
| 1827 | 20 Mar: Second Charter of Justice arrives. | Greece, 20 Oct: Turkish fleet destroyed at Battle of Navarino. | London: First set of John James Audubon's The Birds of America published by Robert Havell Sr & Robert Havell Jr. | ||
| 1826 | Singapore Police Force becomes part of Straits Settlement Police Force. East India Company administration starts granting 999-year town land leases & 15-year agricultural land leases. The East India Company unites Singapore, Malacca and Penang into the Presidency of the Straits Settlements. Feb: Meeting in William Montgomerie's home starts the Singapore Yacht Club. Aug: End of Dr Crawfurd's Residency. |
Java, 15 Oct: Dipanagara defeated @ Gowok (near Surakarta). | Ottoman Empire, 14-15 June: Janissary rebellion. Sultan Mahmud II sieges barracks with cannon & executes or exiles survivors. | England, July: Raffles passes away. Great Britain, 27 Nov: Promulgation of Letters Patent Establishing the Court of Judicature of Prince of Wales' Island, Singapore, and Malacca (Second Charter of Justice). |
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| 1825 | Temenggong Abdu'r Rahman passes away. 18 Apr: 80 Madras & 120 Bengal convicts (first convicts) arrive from Bencoolen & lines built for them. 2-12 Aug: Crawfurd's voyage round Singapore in the Malabar. 20 Aug: Robert Morrison stops in Singapore while on his way to Macao. Dec: Pauper's Hospital moved. Dec: Jozé d'Almeida [Jose d'Almeida] & family arrive. |
Java War begins with revolt of Pangeran Diponegoro, eldest son of Sultan of Yogyakarta. Java, 20 Jul: Assistant-resident P F H Chevallier attempts to capture Yogyakarta princes @ Tegalreja, starting the Java War. Java, 23 Sep: Raden Ayu Yudakusuma, daughter of the Yogyakarta Sultan, massacres the Chinese community at Ngawi. |
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| 1824 | First newspaper, Singapore Chronicle, founded. Father J Joachim Freire obtains land to build a chapel. Mar: Anglo-Dutch treaty signed. Singapore recognised as British by the Dutch. 1 April: First street lights. 19 Nov: Resident John Crawfurd gets Sultan Hussein & Temenggong to sign treaty ceding the island to the English East India Company. |
France: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce creates first lasting chemical image. 17 Mar: Treaty of London (Anglo-Dutch treaty). France, 16 Sep: Charles X ascends to the throne. |
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| 1823 | Raffles strips Farquhar of his Residency, bans the slave trade in Singapore,
initiates Singapore Institution. 29 Jan: Robert Morrison arrives. June: Raffles hands over Singapore Residency to Dr John Crawfurd. |
Malacca: Robert Morrison's Chinese translation of the Bible, 神天圣书,
published by the Anglo-Chinese College. Java, 1 Feb: A H Smissaert takes up post of Resident for Yogyakarta. Java, 6 May: Governor-General G A G Ph van der Capellen orders all Europeans & Chinese to return rented Yogyakarta & Surakarta lands to their owners by 31 Jan 1824 in preparation for Dutch annexation. |
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| 1822 | Raffles & Farquhar quarrel. Telok Ayer Market is the first market built. 2 Jun: Col William Farquhar orders the hospitals for Europeans and Paupers moved. 4 Nov: Raffles Regulations. |
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| 1821 | Java: Cholera epidemic. | ||||
| 1820 | Apr: Raffles' brother-in-law, Cpt Flint, arrives & takes post of Master Attendant. | ||||
| 1819 | 28 Jan: Raffles' fleet anchors at Singapore. 30 Jan: Raffles signs preliminary treaty w Temenggong Abdu'r Rahman to set up a trading post. 6 Feb: Raffles signs formal treaty w Sultan Hussein Mahomed Shah & Temenggong Abdu'r Rahman to establish a trading post. Feb: Francis Bernard made acting Master Attendant. May-June: Raffles' second visit to Singapore. Jun: Raffles leaves for Pinang. Syed Omar Al Junied arrives with uncle. |
Pinang, Jun: Raffles arrives frm S'pore. | London, 1 Apr: Lord Ruthven (John William Polidori) publishes the first vampire story, The Vampyre, in New Monthly Magazine. | ||
| 1818 | Raffles appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen. Bengkulu, 20 Mar: Raffles arrives. Bengkulu, 2 Sep: Raffles leaves for Calcutta. |
Middle East: Diriyah falls. Persia: Shah of Persia, Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar, bestows the title of Aga Khan on Aga Hasan Ali Shah. |
London, 1 Jan: Mary Shelley (Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin) publishes Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. |
| [CC] 2004. Timothy Pwee. |