| Date | Singapore | SEAsia | China & East Asia | Rest of Asia | World |
| 1817 | India, 2 Apr: Orissa rebellion. | UK, 24 Oct: Raffles sails frm Portsmouth for Bengkulu. | |||
| 1816 Year Without A Summer |
British return the Dutch East Indies & Raffles recalled from Java. Java, 25 Mar: Raffles leaves for England. Ayutthayan King Rama II divides Patani. |
UK, 11 Jul: Raffles arrives @ Falmouth. | |||
| 1815 | Lesser Sundas, 5-11 Apr: Mt Tambora eruption. | Europe, 18 June: Battle of Waterloo. Europe, 16 Oct: Napoleon exiled to St Helena. |
|||
| 1814 | France, 31 March: Paris falls France, 4 May: Napoleon leaves for exile on Elba. US, Aug: British expedition takes and burns the White House. Rome, 7 Aug: Pope Pius VII issues the Bull Solicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum restoring the Societas Iesu (Jesuits). |
||||
| 1813 | Canada, 22 Jan: Americans defeated by British at Battle of Frenchtown. Canada, 27 Apr: Americans take York. Europe, 16-19 Oct: Napoleon defeated at Battle of Leipzig. |
||||
| 1812 | Java, 19-20 Jun: Raffles attacks & captures the Yogyakarta kraton. | Ottoman Empire: Treaty of Bucharest ends war with Russia. | US, 18 June: Congress declares "Mr. Madison's War" against Britain. Russia, 23 Jun: Napoleon enters Russia begining the Moscow Campaign. Canada, 12 July: BG Hull leads US expedition into Canada starting War of 1812. US, 17 July: Canadian militia take Michillimackinac. Canada, 12 Aug: Last American forces evacuate Canada. US, 15-16 Aug: British take Detroit. Canada, 13 Oct: US crosses Niagara to take Queenston, General Brock killed. |
||
| 1811 | Palembang Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II attacks Dutch. Dutch return to Malacca ending Farquhar's Residency. Dutch East Indies, May: Jan Willem Janssens becomes Governor-General. 26 Aug: British take Batavia. Batavia, 28 Aug: John Leyden dies. 18 Sept: Dutch surrender to British & Raffles appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Java. |
||||
| 1810 | British man-o-war recovers a pirated European ship in Singapore River. | Java, Nov: Raden Rangga Prawiradirja rebels against the Dutch. Java, 31 Dec: Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels replaces Yogyakarta sultan with the sultan's son. |
France annexes Holland. | ||
| 1808 | Dutch East Indies, 5 Jan: Herman Willem Daendels takes up Governor-General post. Dutch East Indies, Jul: Daendels orders Javanese rulers to treat Residents as ministers. |
Ottoman Empire:
Grand Vizier Bayraktar Mustafa Pasha of Bulgaria puts Mahmud II on the throne. Ottoman Empire: Janissaries kill Bayraktar Mustafa Pasha. |
|||
| 1807 | Netherlands:
Louis Napoléon Bonaparte appoints Herman Willem Daendels Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. UK, 25 Mar: Abolition of the Slave Trade Act makes trading in slaves illegal in the Empire. |
||||
| 1806 | Pinang, 17 Jan: John Leyden returns to India. | England: Ralph Wedgwood patents the first carbon paper. Haiti, 17 Oct: Jean-Jacques Dessalines assassinated. |
|||
| 1805 | Prince Nuku of Tidore passes away. Pinang, 19 Sep: Raffles arrives. Pinang, 22 Oct: John Leyden arrives. |
Spain, 21 Oct: British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats French & Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar. | |||
| 1804 | Hispaniola, 1 Jan:
Jean-Jacques Dessalines declares independence & renames Saint-Domingue as Haiti. Serbia, 4 Feb: Seča knezova (Massacre of Serbian knights). Serbia, 14 Feb: First Serbian rebellion against Ottoman rule begins in Orašac. France, 18 May: Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I. |
||||
| 1803 | Farquhar appointed Resident of Malacca. | Vente de la Louisiane / Louisiana Purchase. France, Apr: Toussaint Louverture dies of pneumonia. Saint-Domingue, 18 Nov: Battle of Vertières. |
|||
| 1802 | Saint-Domingue, 20 Jan: Charles Leclerc lands. 25 Mar: Peace of Amiens signed. Saint-Domingue, 7 May: Toussaint Louverture signs treaty with French. France, 2 July: Toussaint Louverture arrives. Saint-Domingue, Oct: Jean-Jacques Dessalines & Alexandre Sabès Pétion rebel against French. |
||||
| 1801 | Middle East: Al Saud-Wahhabi forces attack & sack Karbala. | Hispaniola, Jan: Toussaint Louverture conquers Santo Domingo. Saint-Domingue, 7 Jul: Toussaint Louverture publishes constitution. |
|||
| 1800 | Holland, 1 Jan: VOC dissolved. US, 24 Apr: Library of Congress founded. UK, 2 Jul: Act of Union unites British & Irish Parliments into the United Kingdom. |
||||
| 1799 | Aug: Napoleon Bonaparte returns to France from Egypt. | ||||
| 1798 | Pinang: First nutmeg plants introduced frm Dutch East Indies. | Saint-Domingue: Toussaint Louverture defeats British expeditionary force. France, 10 May: Napoleon Bonaparte's French army sets sail for Egypt from Toulon. Egypt, 1 Jun: Napoleon Bonaparte's expedition lands near Alexandria. Egypt, Jul: Battle of the Pryamids - Napoleon defeats the Mamluks. Egypt, 24 Jul: Napoleon Bonaparte enters Cairo. Egypt, 1-2 Aug: Battle of the Nile aka Battle of Aboukir Bay where Britsh Rear-Admiral Horatio Nelson destroys the French fleet under Vice-Admiral François-Paul Brueys D'Aigalliers. |
Great Britain: Edward Jenner publishes his discovery (cowpox vaccination). | ||
| 1797 | Atlantic, 14 Feb: British defeat Spanish at Battle of Cape St. Vincent. Netherlands, Oct 11: British defeat Dutch fleet at Battle of Camperdown (Kamperduin). |
||||
| 1796 | British occupy Moluccas. | China: Accession of Emperor Jiajing. | Holland: VOC bankrupt. Alois Senefelder invents the lithographic process. Great Britain, 14 May: Edward Jenner variolates his gardener's son, James Phipps, with cowpox. Great Britain, 1 Jul: Edward Jenner variolates James Phipps with smallpox. |
||
| 1795 | French occupy Dutch East Indies. Melaka surrenders to English. |
Europe: Treaty of Basel. Netherlands: French oust Willem V of Orange. |
|||
| 1794 | France, 4 Feb: Slavery abolished. Saint-Domingue, May: Toussaint Louverture pledges his allegiance to the French Republic. |
||||
| 1793 | France: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce starts experimenting with chemical recordings of optical images. France, 21 Jan: King Louis XVI executed. Europe: First Coalition formed. Europe, 18 Mar: Battle of Neerwinden. France, 6 Apr: Comité de salut public (Committee of Public Safety) formed. France, 16 Oct: Marie Antoinette executed. |
||||
| 1792 | Arabia: Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab passes away. | Europe, 20 Apr: France declares war on the Holy Roman Empire
(start of French Revolutionary Wars). France, 20 Sep: French defeat Prussians at Valmy (Cannonade of Valmy). Belgium, 6 Nov: French defeat Austrians at Jemappes. |
|||
| 1791 | China: First published edition of 紅樓夢 (红楼梦 / Hong Lou Meng / Dream of the Red Chamber). | London: Thomas Paine's The Rights of Man published. Saint-Domingue, 22 Aug: Slave uprising begins the Haitian Revolution. Holy Roman Empire, 27 Aug: Declaration of Pillnitz. Holy Roman Empire, 5 Dec: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart passes away. |
|||
| 1789 | France, 14 July: French Revolution begins with the Storming of the Bastille. France, 26 Aug: La Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen (Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen). |
||||
| 1787 | 13 May: Johor Sultan Mahmud has Illanun mercenaries attack and expel Dutch garrison from Riau.
He then flees to Lingga. June: Arrival of second Netherlands State squadron. |
||||
| 1786 | 29 July: Ibrahim signs treaty with Dutch acknowledging Dutch conquest of Selangor. 11 Aug: Francis Light takes possession of Penang. |
||||
| 1785 | VOC direct rule of Selangor. 19 June: Dutch install a Resident in Riaus. June: Ibrahim, Raja Haji's nephew, drives out Dutch garrison in Selangor but is then blockaded. |
||||
| 1784 | 14 Jan: Selangor Raja Ibrahim's army lands at Batang Tiga (just north of Melaka). 16 Jan: Batang Tiga fortified. 24 Jan: VOC fleet blockading Riau arrives back in Melaka. 13 Feb: Riau Bugis join seige of Malacca, landing at Teluk Ketapang. 29 May: Admiral Jacob van Braam's Netherlands State squadron arrives in Melaka, lifting the seige. 13 Jul: Admiral Jacob van Braam's fleet attacks Selangor, driving Sultan Ibrahim to Pahang. Dutch install Muhammad Ali as ruler of Selangor. Oct: Admiral Jacob van Braam's fleet defeats Bugis fleet in Riaus. |
End of Anglo-Dutch War & Peace of Versailles. | |||
| 1783 | 3 Sept: Treaty of Paris between the United States and Great Britain formally ends the war. | ||||
| 1782 | Feb: English ship Betsy captured by French privateer in Riau. | ||||
| 1781 | British occupy VOC outpost in Perak. | Great Britain: Raffles born. US, 19 Oct: British forces surrender at Yorktown effectively losing the war. |
|||
| 1780 | Start of Anglo-Dutch War. Holy Roman Empire, 29 Nov: Maria Theresia passes away. |
||||
| 1779 | Dutch depose ruler of Tidore. | ||||
| 1777 | Daeng Kamboja dies. Ismail defeats Muhammad Ail. Melaka Governor Jan Crnas retires. Successor is de Bruijn. |
||||
| 1776 | Edinburgh: Adam Smith publishes An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Latin America: Virreinato del Río de la Plata (Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata) established. US, 4 July: United States founded with the signing of the Declaration of Independence. |
||||
| 1775 | Boston, 18 April: General Gage orders the destruction of the Concord arms depot. Boston, 19 April: Massachusetts militiamen meet British troops at Lexington Green which begins the War of Independence. Boston, 17 June: Battle of Bunker Hill. |
||||
| 1774 | Raja Ismail, son of Raja Mahmud & cousin of Muhammad Ali, attempts capture of Siak. | ||||
| 1773 | Rome, Jul: Pope Clement XIV signs the suppression of the Societas Iesu (Jesuits). Boston, 16 Dec: Boston Tea Party. |
||||
| 1770 | Boston, 13 Mar: Boston Massacre. France, 16 May: Marie Antoinette marries Dauphin Louis-Auguste (King Louis XVI). |
||||
| 1769 | Siam: Burmese sack Ayuthia. | ||||
| 1767 | Spain, 2 Apr: Expulsion of Jesuits. | ||||
| 1766 | South America: Expulsion of Jesuits. | ||||
| 1766 | Muhammed Ali succeeds Raja Alam as ruler of Siak. | ||||
| 1765 | Arabia: Muhammad ibn Saud dies & his son Abd al Aziz assumes command of the Al Saud-Wahhabi forces. | ||||
| 1763 | China: 曹雪芹 (Cao Xue Qin), author of 紅樓夢 (红楼梦 / Hong Lou Meng / Dream of the Red Chamber), passes away. | France, 1 Apr: Execution of arrêt against the Societas Iesu (Jesuits). | |||
| 1761 | Raja Ismail's family driven from Siak. | ||||
| 1760 | 20 Aug: Sultan Sulaiman dies & Daeng Kamboja installs Sulaiman's grandson, Ahmad, on throne. | ||||
| 1759 | Mansur abandons Riau & returns to Trengganu. | Portugal: Civil supression of Societas Iesu (Jesuits). | |||
| 1758 | Jan: Peace treaty between VOC & Daeng Kamboja, Selangor, Nanning & Rembau. Linggi & Rembau ceded to VOC. | Hispanola: François Mackandal captured & burnt. | |||
| 1757 | Feb: Melaka requests reinforcements. June: Reinforcement of 80 soldiers arrive in Malaca. July: Bugis & Minangkabau withdraw from seige of Malacca. |
Bengal, 23 Jun: Battle of Plassey. | |||
| 1756 | VOC-Johor treaty signed. Oct: Bugis & Minangkabau forces seige Dutch Melaka. |
Salzburg, 27 Jan: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born. Brasil, Feb: Guerra Guaranítica (Guarani War). |
|||
| 1755 | Java: Yogyakarta sultanate established. | Portugal, 1 Nov: Great Lisbon Earthquake. Holy Roman Empire, 2 Nov: Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (Marie Antoinette) born. |
|||
| 1753 | Java: Gereja Blenduk built in Semarang. | 7 June: British Museum Act receives assent from King George II. | |||
| 1752 | End of Banten Rebellion. | ||||
| 1751 | Hispanola: François Mackandal escapes. | ||||
| 1750 | Start of Banten Rebellion. | 13 Jan: Treaty of Madrid. | |||
| 1748 | Bugis Raja Muda Daeng Kamboja arrives in Riau. | ||||
| 1746 | Raja Kecik's son, Mahmud, ruler of Siak, attacks Selangor. Sultan Sulaiman cedes Siak to VOC. |
Great Britain, 16 Apr: Battle of Culloden. | |||
| 1745 | Bugis withdraw from Riau to Selangor. 19 May: Bugis Raja Muda Daeng Cellak dies & is succeeded by Daeng Kamboja s/o Daeng Parani. |
||||
| 1743 | Daeng Chelak, Yang Dipertuan Muda of Riau, conquers Perak. | Netherlands: Gustave Van Imhoff appointed VOC Governor-General. | |||
| 1741 | Java: Semarang Chinese attack Dutch. | ||||
| 1740 | 9-10 Oct: Dutch massacre Chinese in Batavia leading to the Chinese War of 1741-2. | Europe: Schönbrunn Palace completed. | |||
| 1739 | Europe: Treaty of Belgrade. | ||||
| 1736 | China: Accession of Qing Emperor Qianlong. | ||||
| 1731 | Siam: Interdict against Christianity. | ||||
| 1729 | Sultan Sulaiman's daughter marries Trengganu Raja Mansur Syah. | ||||
| 1728 | Daeng Merewah, first Yang Dipertuan Muda of Riau, makes unsuccessful invasion of Perak. | ||||
| 1724 | Sultan Mahmud Baharuddin ascends the Palembang throne. | ||||
| 1723 | July: Sultan Sulaiman attempts unsuccessfully to escape from the Bugis. | China: Accession of Qing Emperor Yongzheng. | |||
| 1722 | Bugis expell Raja Kechil and install Raja Sulaiman, son of Sultan Abdul Jalil, as Sultan of Johor. Raja Sulaiman takes the title Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah & grants Bugis title of Raja Muda. | ||||
| 1721 | Sultan Abd al-Jalil killed in Pahang by Raja Kecik's men (1718?). | Great Britain: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu introduces variolation. | |||
| 1718 | Mar: Raja Kecik (Minangkabau) takes Johor & Raja Muda Mahmud dies fighting in the battle.
Sultan Abd al-Jalil abdicates & flees to Pahang. Apr: Bendahara seeks refuge in Malacca. Sultan Abdul Jalil murdered in Pahang (1721?). |
Europe: Treaty of Passarowitz. | |||
| 1717 | Raja Kechil overthrows Sultan Abdul Jalil. | Holy Roman Empire, 13 May: Maria Theresia born. Latin America: Virreinato de la Nueva Granada (Viceroyalty of New Granada) established. |
|||
| 1716 | Mar: Request by Daeng Marewah to move from Linggi to VOC-controlled Tangga Batu refused. | ||||
| 1715 | Quarrel between Raja Muda & Daeng Marewah over spoils from Kedah civil war. | ||||
| 1710 | Saxony, June: Porcelain factory moves from Dresden to Meissen (Albrechtsburg). | ||||
| 1708 | Bendahara Tun Abdul Jalil dies; Raja Muda Mahmud takes over Johor Sultanate & moves court to Bintan. | Saxony, 15 Jan: In Dresden (Jungfernbastei), alchemist Böttger discovers how to make porcelain. | |||
| 1707 | Great Britain: Act of Union unites England & Scotland into Great Britain. | ||||
| 1704 | Java: Original cave used by Zhenghe at Semarang's Gedung Batu Temple destroyed. | ||||
| 1703 | Ottoman Empire: Janissaries force Mustafa II to abdicate; End of Köprülü Vizers; Ahmet III ascends the throne. | ||||
| 1699 | Johor Sultan Mahmud II, last of the Melaka royal line killed. Bendahara Tun Abdul Jalil becomes Sultan of Johor. | Europe, 26 Jan: Treaty of Karlowitz. | |||
| 1697 | Bendahara Tun Habib Abd al-Majid passes away. | Europe, 20 Sept: Treaty of Ryswick signed, settling the Nine Years' War. | |||
| 1694 | England: Stamp duty introduced. | ||||
| 1688 | Bendahara Tun Habib Abd al-Majid stages coup d'etat & removes Johor regent Paduka Raja Tun Adb al-Jamil. | England: Parliment invites Netherlands Stadholder William of Orange & his wife Mary Stuart to rule England. They rule as William III and Mary II. | |||
| 1684 | VOC gains control of Bantem (east Java). | ||||
| 1683 | Europe: Turkish seige of Vienna. Europe, 12 Sep: Seige of Vienna lifted. |
||||
| 1681 | VOC conquers Ternate. | ||||
| 1680 | Rheims: St John Baptist de la Salle founds the La Salle Brothers aka Christian Brothers. Scotland: Sanquhar Declaration. |
||||
| 1677 | Java: Ruler of Mataram, Amangkurat I, hands Semarang to Dutch. | ||||
| 1669 | Siam: Apostolic Vicariate of Siam established. Gowa, capital of Makassar, falls to the Dutch (1667 or 1669?). |
Crete, Sep: Candia finally falls to the Ottomans. | |||
| 1666 | China, 15 Aug: Johann Adam Schall von Bell (湯若望) passes away. | ||||
| 1665 | China, 15 Apr:
Johann Adam Schall von Bell (湯若望 (Tang Ruo Wang)) & 7 Chinese sentenced to death. China, 16 Apr: Earthquake causes reversal of death sentence on Johann Adam Schall von Bell (湯若望 (Tang Ruo Wang)) & 2 of the 7 Chinese. |
||||
| 1664 | China, 15 Sep: 楊光先 (Yang Guang Xian) accuses Jesuits of plotting to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. | ||||
| 1663 | Spanish forced out of Tidore & Ternate. | ||||
| 1662 | Siam: MEP HQ established. | China: Death of last of the Ming line. | Paris: Father Nicholas Barre founds the Sisters of the Holy Infant Jesus aka Dames of St Maur. | ||
| 1661 | China: Accession of Qing Emperor Kangxi. | Ottoman Empire: Kuprili or Köprülü Fazil Ahmed Pasha becomes Grand Vizier. | |||
| 1660 | June: Dutch attack Makassar. | ||||
| 1659 | VOC burns Palembang. | ||||
| 1655 | Hispaniola: William Penn attacks Santo Domingo unsuccessfully. Hispaniola: French invade. |
||||
| 1654 | VOC bans Melaka-China trade. | ||||
| 1651 | Apr: VOC outpost in Perak destroyed. | ||||
| 1650 | China, 24 Nov: Canton surrenders to Manchus. | ||||
| 1648 | Europe: Peace of Westphalia signed ending the Thirty Years' War. Europe: Spain recognises Dutch independence. Crete: Ottomans begin seige of capital, Candia. |
||||
| 1645 | China: Introduction of 時憲 (Shi Xian) calendar. | Crete: Ottoman invasion begins. | |||
| 1644 | China, 25 Apr: Rebels take Beijing & Ming Emperor Chongzhen commits suicide. China, 1 Aug: Solar eclipse proves Johann Adam Schall von Bell's calendar more accurate. China, 30 Oct: Accession of Qing (Manchu) Emperor Shunzhi in Beijing. |
England: Globe Theatre torn down. | |||
| 1642 | England: Puritans close theatres. Florence, 8 Jan: Galileo passes away. England, 25 Dec: Isaac Newton born at Woolsthorpe. |
||||
| 1641 | 14 Jan: VOC captures Melaka from the Portuguese. Aceh Sultan Iskandar Thani passes away. |
Peru: Reducciones militia defeat the Portuguese Bandeirantes @ Mbororé. | |||
| 1640 | VOC begins seige of Portuguese Melaka. Ruler of Banten receives title of Sultan from Sharif of Mecca. |
Japan: Portuguese embassy from Macao (Macau) beheaded. | |||
| 1639 | Japan: Portuguese expelled. | ||||
| 1638 | Japan, 15 Apr: Hara Castle falls to Shogunate, ending the Shimabara Rebellion. | ||||
| 1637 | Prince Iskandar Thani of Pahang ascends to the throne of Aceh. | Japan: Start of Arima Rebellion aka Shimabara Rebellion. | |||
| 1636 | Aceh: Sultan Iskandar Muda passes away leaving no heirs. Patani: Ayutthaya conquers Patani. |
Japan: 海禁 (Kaikin) edict prohibits Japanese travelling overseas. | |||
| 1634 | Patani, May: Ayutthayan attack. | ||||
| 1633 | VOC starts blocade of Melaka. | Japan: Start of 海禁 (Kaikin) edicts. | Rome: Inquisition interrogates Galileo and orders him placed under house arrest. | ||
| 1630 | China: Embassy of Dom Gonçalo da Silveira leaves Macao (Macau) for Japan. Japan: Edict prohibiting Japanese trade in or ownership of Western books. |
||||
| 1629 | Aceh launches unsucessful attack on Portuguese Melaka. Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor-General of Dutch East Indies, dies (disease). |
China, 21 Jun: Solar eclipse predicted more accurately by Johann Adam Schall von Bell (湯若望) than by the Chinese astronomers. | Europe: Ferdinand publishes the Edict of Restitution, reigniting the Thirty Years' War. | ||
| 1628 | China: Accession of last Chinese Emperor Chongzhen. | ||||
| 1625 | Caribbean: French buccaneers found Tortuga (Saint-Domingue). | ||||
| 1622 | Japan: Great Martyrdom of Nagasaki. | ||||
| 1621 | China: Accession of Emperor Tianqi. | ||||
| 1620 | China: Accession of Emperor Taichang. | ||||
| 1619 | Governor-General of Dutch East Indies, Jan Pieterszoon Coen, razes Jayakarta and builds Batavia atop it. | China: Johann Adam Schall von Bell lands at Macao. | |||
| 1618 | Jan Pieterszoon Coen moves Dutch factory from Banten to Jayakarta. | Europe: Bohemian nobles refuse Emperor Matthias' choice of Ferdinand to be king of Bohemia & elect Frederick of the Palatinate instead starting the Thirty Years' War. | |||
| 1616 | Japan | Galileo warned not to defend Copernican theory. | |||
| 1615 | Japan, 3 Jun: Siege of Osaka ends as Osaka Castle falls to the Tokugawa shogunate. | ||||
| 1614 | Japan, 1 Feb: Statement on the Expulsion of the Bateren banning Christianity. Japan: Tokugawa replaces the Arima clan with the Arima clan as rulers of Shimabara. Japan, Dec: Start of Siege of Osaka. |
England: Rebuilt Globe Theatre reopens. | |||
| 1613 | Portuguese destroy a settlement at mouth of Singapore River. | England, 29 Jun: Globe Theatre destroyed by fire. | |||
| 1610 | China: First published edition of 金瓶梅 (Jin Ping Mei / The Golden Lotus). China, 11 May: Matteo Ricci dies. |
Venice: Galileo discovers the satellites of Jupiter. | |||
| 1609 | Japan: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) factory established on Hirado. | ||||
| 1607 | Ternate allies with the Dutch against the Tidore-Spanish alliance. Aceh Sultan Iskandar Muda ascends the throne. |
Peru: Reginaldo de Lizarraga appointed Bishop of Asunción. | |||
| 1606 | Spanish conquest of Ternate. First VOC attack on Melaka. |
||||
| 1605 | Ruler of Gowa converts to Islam. | ||||
| 1604 | Aceh Sultan Ala'ad-din Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammil passes away. | ||||
| 1603 | Japan: Tokugawa Ieyasu founds the Tokugawa shogunate with Edo as the capital. | ||||
| 1602 | Netherlands, 20 Mar: VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) formed. | ||||
| 1601 | China: Matteo Ricci (利玛窦 (Lì Mădòu)) allowed into Beijing. | ||||
| 1600 | England: East India Company formed by royal charter. | ||||
| 1599 | England: Globe Theatre opens. | ||||
| 1596 | First Dutch fleet visits the Indonesian archipelago. | ||||
| 1592 | Kedah sends tribute to Ayutthaya. | ||||
| 1590s | China: 西遊記 (西游记 / Xi You Ji / Journey to the West) published. | ||||
| 1589 | Laksamana of Aceh (and royal guardian) seizes the throne becoming Sultan Ala'ad-din Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammil | ||||
| 1588 | Rome: Pope Sixtus V establishes the Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition. | ||||
| 1587 | Portuguese destroy Johore Lama. | ||||
| 1586 | Hispaniola (La Española): Sir Francis Drake captures Santo Domingo & Spain pays ransom for it. | ||||
| 1583 | Constantinople: First group of 5 Jesuits arrive. | ||||
| 1582 | China: Matteo Ricci reaches Macao. | ||||
| 1581 | Netherlands wins independence from Spain and becomes the United Provinces of the Netherlands. | ||||
| 1580 | Union of Portuguese and Spanish crowns. | ||||
| 1579 | Netherlands: Union of Utrecht forms Republic of the United Netherlands. | ||||
| 1578 | Brunei, 13 Apr: Francisco de Sande Picón's expedition arrives. Brunei, 14 Apr: Francisco de Sande Picón's expedition attacks. Brunei, 16 Apr: Francisco de Sande Picón's expedition occupies the capital. Brunei, 26 Jun: Francisco de Sande Picón's expedition leaves. |
||||
| 1575 | Portuguese evicted from Ternate. Luzon, 23 Mar: Spanish expedition leaves Manila to attack the fort of 林風 [lin feng] aka Lim Ah Hong (Limahong) in Pangasinan. Luzon, 2/3 Aug: Lim Ah Hong escapes the Spanish blockade. Luzon, Nov: Chinese squadron arrives from Pangasinan blockade. |
China, 5 Jul: Spanish mission under Augustinian Friar Martín de Rada reaches 下門 (Amoy), 福建 [fu jian]. | |||
| 1574 | Luzon, 30 Nov: 林風 [lin feng] aka Lim Ah Hong (Limahong) sacks Manila. Luzon: Lim Ah Hong builds a fort in Pangasinan. |
||||
| 1573 | China: Accession of Emperor Wanli. | ||||
| 1572 | Luzon: López de Legazpi passes away in Manila. | Yucatán: Bishop Francisco Toral passes away. | |||
| 1571 | Luzon, 24 Jun: López de Legazpi establishes settlement @ Manila. Aceh: Sultan Ala'ad-din Ri'ayat Syah al-Kahar passes away. |
Mediterranean: Battle of Lepanto. | |||
| 1570 | Luzon, 8 May: Spanish land @ Manila. Luzon, 24 May: Spanish take Manila. |
||||
| 1568 | Cebu: Blockade by Portuguese forces under Gonzalo de Pereira. | ||||
| 1567 | China: Accession of Emperor Longqing. | Rome: Pope Pius V cancels all grants of indulgences involving financial transactions. | |||
| 1566 | Ottoman Empire: Süleyman I dies. | Spain: Fray Diego de Landa Calderón writes Relación de las Cosas de Yucatán. | |||
| 1565 | Cebú, 13 Feb: López de Legazpi lands. | Spain: Royal Council for the Indies refers Bishop Toral's charges against Fray Diego de Landa Calderón to the Franciscan Order. | |||
| 1564 | Patani rebels against Ayatthaya. | Rome, 18 Feb: Michelangelo Buonarroti dies. | |||
| 1562 | Maní, Yucatán, 12 Jul:
Auto-de-fé burning of Mayan books and images by Fray Diego de Landa Calderón. Yucatán, Aug: Francisco Toral arrives to take up his position as Bishop. |
||||
| 1559 | Rome: First index of forbidden books published. | ||||
| 1558 | Netherlands: Willem of Orange leads revolt against Spanish rule. | ||||
| 1557 | China: Portuguese lease Macao (Macau). | ||||
| 1556 | China, Dec: Francis Xavier dies on island of Sancian. | ||||
| 1555 | Peace of Augsburg signed. Rome: Cardinal Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV. |
||||
| 1546 | Saint Francis Xavier establishes mission at Ambon. Java: Siege of Panarukan. Java: Ruler of Demak, Trenggana, passes away. Java: Demak falls. |
||||
| 1544 | Philippines: Ruy López de Villalobos names the Philippines, Las Islas Filipinas, after Felipe II (Philip II), Prince of Spain. | ||||
| 1542 | Goa, May: Francis Xavier lands. | Rome: Pope Paul III formalises the Roman Inquisition
& appoints the Commissarii et Inquisitores Generales et Generalissimi. Latin America: Creation of Virreinato del Perú (Viceroyalty of Peru). |
|||
| 1541 | Spain, 7 Apr: Francis Xavier's ship sails for India. | ||||
| 1540 | Rome, 27 Sep: Pope Paul III issues bull Regimini Militantis Ecclesia, creating the Societas Jesu. | ||||
| 1539 | Sultan Ala'ad-din Ri'ayat Syah al-Kahar ascends the throne of Aceh. | ||||
| 1535 | China: Portuguese gain right to anchor & trade @ 澳門 (Ou Mun (Macao/Macau)). | Spain: King Charles I creates the Viceroyalty of Nueva España (New Spain). | |||
| 1534 | Middle East: Ottomans take Kurdistan & Mesopotamia from Persia. | ||||
| 1532 | Peru: Invasion and conquest of Incan empire. | ||||
| 1530 | China: Canton reopened to foreign trade. | ||||
| 1529 | Turkish siege of Vienna. | ||||
| 1527 | Java: Hasanudin conquers Sunda Kelapa. | ||||
| 1526 | Portuguese destroy Bentan. Java: Hasanudin, w forces frm Demak & Cirebon, conquers Banten. |
Hungry, Aug:
Battle of Mohács, Louis Jagiellon, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, killed. Europe: League of Protestant States founded @ Torgau. |
|||
| 1525 | Feb: Hernán Cortés executes Cuauhtémoc. | ||||
| 1524 | Sumatra: Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah takes Pasai from the Portuguese. | China, May: Portuguese ambassador Tomé Pires reportedly dies in prison. | |||
| 1523 | China, Sep: Portuguese mission commander Cpt Fernão Pires de Andrade dies, possibly executed. | ||||
| 1522 | Java: Treaty between Surawisesa & Portuguese ambassador Henrique Leme. | China, 27 May: Accession of 嘉靖 [jia jing] Emperor (朱厚熜 [zhu hou cong]). China: Foreign trade banned. |
Süleyman I forces the Knights of Saint John to leave Rhodes. | ||
| 1521 | Cebu: Fernão de Magalhães (Ferdinand Magellan) lands. Mactan, 27 Apr: Battle of Mactan, Fernão de Magalhães (Ferdinand Magellan) killed. |
Aztec, 13 Aug: Cuauhtémoc, last Aztec ruler, captured by Hernán Cortés. Hungry, Aug 29: Süleyman I takes Belgrade. |
|||
| 1520 | Sumatra: Start of Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah's conquests. | China, Jan: Tomé Pires' embassy travels north to 北京 (Beijing). China, 20 Apr: Death of Emperor 正德 [zhen de] (朱厚照 [zhu hou zhao]). China, 21 Apr: Tomé Pires' embassy rejected. China, Sep: Tomé Pires' embassy arrives in Canton. |
Ottoman Empire: Süleyman I takes the throne. | Aztec, Jun: Cuitlāhuac made ruler
& lays seige to Hernán Cortés' expedition in Tenōchtitlan. Aztec, 30 Jun/1Jul: La Noche Triste, Hernán Cortés' expedition retreat from Tenōchtitlan. Aztec, 1 Jul: Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin dies. Aztec: Cuitlāhuac dies of smallpox & Cuauhtémoc becomes ruler. |
|
| 1519 | China: Simão de Andrade's foray. | Central America, Feb/Mar:
Expedition of Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro sets off from Cuba and lands in the Yucatan. Spain, 10 Aug: Expedition of Fernão de Magalhães (Ferdinand Magellan) sets off for the Spice Islands. Panama, 15 Aug: Pedrarias Dávila moves his capital to the village of Panama, naming it Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Panamá. Aztec, Oct: Cholula Massacre by expedition of Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro. Aztec, 8 Nov: Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin receives Hernán Cortés in Tenōchtitlan. |
|||
| 1517 | China, 15 Aug: Portuguese embassy of Tomé Pires under Cpt Fernão Pires de Andrade arrives @ Pearl River. | Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I prohibits manufacture or possession of
"self-striking hand-guns that ignite themselves" [wheel locks]. 31 Oct: Martin Luther preaches against the sale of indulgences & said to have posted 95 Theses against it at Wittenberg. |
|||
| 1516 | Ottoman Turks under Sultan Selim I defeat the Mamluks. | Spain: Pietro Martire d'Anghiera publishes De orbe novo decades cum Legatione Babylonica. | |||
| 1515 | Portuguese take Hormuz. | ||||
| 1514 | Iran, 23 Aug: Battle of Chaldiran where Shah Isma'il I is defeated by Selim I. | ||||
| 1513 | Malacca: Tomé Pires visits. | Rome, 11 Mar: Giovanni de' Medici becomes Pope Leo X. | |||
| 1512 | |||||
| 1511 | 10 Aug: Portuguese take Malacca. Sultan Mahmud Shah flees. | ||||
| 1510 | India: Portuguese take Goa. | ||||
| 1506 | China: Accession of Emperor Zhengde. | Spain, 7 Apr: Francis Xavier born. | |||
| 1502 | Azerbaijan, Jan: Esma'il defeats Alvand Beig of Aq Qoyunlu, ruler of Azerbaijan & takes Tabriz. Iran, 11 Mar: Esma'il (Ismai'il I) proclaims himself Shah, founding the Safavid Empire. |
Santo Domingo: Fleet of Governor general Nicolás de Ovando arrives. | |||
| 1498 | Caribbean: La Isabela adandoned & remaining population moves to Santo Domingo. Santo Domingo, 5 Aug: Official founding of city. |
||||
| 1497 | John Talbot lands in North America (prob. Nova Scotia or Newfoundland). Florence, 7 Feb: Falò delle Vanità (Bonfire of the Vanities) conducted. |
||||
| 1496 | Caribbean: Nueva Isabela founded @ mouth of Ozama river. | ||||
| 1494 | La Española, 1 Jan: Columbus founds La Isabela @ mouth of Bajabonico river. Spain, 7 Jun: Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Spain & Portugual. |
||||
| 1493 | Caribbean, 6 Jan: Pinta rejoins Columbus. Caribbean, 16 Jan: Columbus starts his return voyage to Spain. Europe, 4 May: Papal bull by Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia) grants kings of Castile and Leon unclaimed lands west of the Azores & Cape Verde. La Española, 27 Nov: Columbus finds La Navidad destroyed. |
||||
| 1492 | Spain, 2 Jan: Granada surrenders, completing the Reconquista. Spain, 31 Mar: Alhambra Decree expelling Jews issued. Rome, 11 Aug: Rodrigo Borgia proclaimed Pope Alexander VI. Caribbean, 12 Oct: Columbus' expedition sights land somewhere in the Bahamas. Caribbean, 5 Dec: Columbus lands on La Española (Hispaniola). La Española, 24 Dec: The Santa María runs aground. La Española, 25 Dec: Columbus uses the Santa María to construct a settlement, La Navidad. |
||||
| 1491 | Spain: Inigo (Ignatius) Loyola born. | ||||
| 1488 | China: Accession of Emperor Hongzhi. | Bartolomeu Dias' expedition sails round the Cape of Good Hope which he named Cabo Tormentoso. | |||
| 1483 | Rome, 17 Oct: Pope Sixtus IV makes Tomás de Torquemada Inquisidor General of Aragón, Valencia and Catalonia. | ||||
| 1481 | Java: Masjid Agung Demak completed. | ||||
| 1478 | Rome, 1 Nov: Pope Sixtus IV publishes the bull Exigit Sinceras Devotionis Affectus (start of the Spanish Inqusition). | ||||
| 1477 | Java: Demak attacks & takes Semarang. | ||||
| 1475 | Florence, 6 Mar: Michelangelo Buonarroti born. Rome, 15 Jun: Papal bull Ad Decorem Militantis Ecclesiae issued by Pope Sixtus IV establishing formally the Vatican library. |
||||
| 1471 | Indochina, Mar: Fall of Cham capital, Vijaya, to Viet forces. | ||||
| 1469 | Spain: Ferdinand of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile uniting the two kingdoms. | ||||
| 1465 | China: Accession of Emperor Chenghua. | ||||
| 1457 | China: Jingtai falls in a coup. Accession of Emperor Zhengtong again as Emperor Tianshun. | ||||
| 1456 | Europe, 8 Jan:
Papal bull by Pope Nicholas V grants Portugual dominion over African & Indian waters. 4-22 Jul: Siege of Belgrade. |
||||
| 1455 | Mainz: Publication of the Gutenberg Bible (42-line Bible). | ||||
| 1454 | Europe: Indulgences first printed. | ||||
| 1453 | Constantiople, 29 May: Sultan Mehmet II takes the city after a 50 day seige. | ||||
| 1451 | Middle East, 9 Feb: Mahomed II succeeds his father Amurath. | Rome: Pope Nicholas V writes of his idea for a library to Enoch of Ascoli. | |||
| 1450 | China: Accession of Emperor Jingtai. | ||||
| 1449 | China: Emperor Zhengtong captured by the Manchus. | ||||
| 1438 | Europe: Antonio Pisano strikes a commemorative medal portrait of Emperor John VIII Palaeologus. | ||||
| 1436 | China: Accession of Emperor Zhengtong. | ||||
| 1433 | Death of Admiral Zheng He. | ||||
| 1431 | 30 May: Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc) burnt at the stake by the English. | ||||
| 1430 | 23 May: Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc) captured @ Compiègne. | ||||
| 1429 | 29 Apr: Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc) arrives @ Orleans. 5-7 May: Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc) breaks siege of Orleans. |
||||
| 1428 | Dai Viet: Le Loi defeats Chinese occupation forces. | ||||
| 1427 | Dai Viet, 28 Apr: Xuong-giang falls to Dai Viet forces. | ||||
| 1426 | China: Accession of Ming Emperor Xuande. | ||||
| 1425 | China: Accession of Emperor Hongxi. | ||||
| 1424 | Sumatra: Che Tsi-souen takes over frm his father, Che Tsin-k'ing. | ||||
| 1421 | China: Emperor Yongle moves the capital from Nanjing to Beijing. | ||||
| 1415 | Europe: Two of the three rival popes resign, ending the Western Schism. | ||||
| 1410 | Battle of Tannenberg. | ||||
| 1407 | SEA: Chen Tsu-yi attacks Admiral Zheng He. Dai Viet, 19-20 Jan: Ming forces attack & take Do-bang. Dai Viet, 20 Jan: Ming forces take Dong-do. Dai Viet, 26 Jan: Ming forces take Tay-do. Dai Viet, 16-17 May: Ming conquest of Dai Viet completed with capture Ho Quy Ly & his sons. |
||||
| 1406 | Sumatra: Chen Tsu-yi takes control of Palembang. Dai Viet, 19 Nov: Ming forces attack. |
||||
| 1405 | Eunuch Admiral Zheng He's first voyage. | 18 Feb: Timur dies @ Otrar in Kazakhstan. | |||
| 1404 | Middle East: Mehmet II becomes Sultan. | ||||
| 1403 | China: Accession of Ming Emperor Yongle. | ||||
| 1402 | 28 July: Timur defeats Ottoman Sultan Bayazid I near Ankara. | ||||
| 1400 | Founding of Melaka by Sultan Iskandar Syah of Temasik. | ||||
| 1399 | China: Accession of Emperor Jianwen. | ||||
| 1398 | Thai forces attack Temasik. | Serbs defeated by Ottomans at Battle of Kosovo. | |||
| 1390 | Palembang prince Iskander (Malay) aka Parameswara (Portuguese) rebels against Majapahit. Forced to flee, he eventually finds refuge in Temasik. | Indochina: Cham ruler, Che Bong Nga, killed in battle by Dai Viet using firearms. | |||
| 1389 | Java: Hayam Wuruk, ruler of Majapahit, passes away. | Serbia, 15 Jun: Battle of Kosovo. | |||
| 1378 | Europe: Pope Gregory XI moves papacy back to Rome but dies soon after. Subsequent election problems start the Western Schism. | ||||
| 1377 | Sumatra: Javanese loot Jambi & Palembang. | ||||
| 1376 | Sumatra: Wuni (Mauli) becomes ruler of Jambi. | ||||
| 1372 | China: 施耐庵 (Shi Nai Na), author of 水滸傳 (水浒传 / Shui Hu Zhuan / Water Margin), passes away. | ||||
| 1370 | Temur defeats Husayn @ Balkh. | ||||
| 1368 | China: Accession of first Ming Dynasty Emperor Hongwu in Nanjing after he takes Dadu. | ||||
| 1366 | China: Mongols defeated @ Dadu. | Samarkand: Temur & Husayn take power. | |||
| 1365 | Nagarakretagama, a Javanese book mentions Temasik on Singapore island as a vassal state - first confirmed mention of Singapore. | ||||
| 1364 | China: 賈仲明 (jia zhong ming) meets 羅貫中 (luo guan zhong), author of 三國演義 [san guo yan yi] (Romance of the Three Kingdoms). | ||||
| 1357 | Java: Sudanese ruler, Sri Baduka Maharaja, killed by Majapahit. | ||||
| 1348 | Europe: The Black Death starts. | ||||
| 1347 | Sumatra: Majapahit regent, Rajapatni Gayatri, conquers Malayu. | ||||
| 1346 | Sumatra: Javanese invade Malayu. | ||||
| c. 1330 | Wang Dayuan's visit. | ||||
| 1319 | Majapahit: Kuti rebellion. Majapahit: Gajahmudah appointed prime minister. |
||||
| 1316 | Java: Nambi passes away & his kingdom is absorbed by Majapahit. | ||||
| 1312 | France: Pope Clement V suppresses the Order of the Poor Knights of Christ (Knights Templar). | ||||
| 1309 | Java: Majapahit founder, Raden Vijaya, passes away. | France: Pope Clement V makes Avignon the seat of the papacy. | |||
| 1307 | Java: Viraraja passes away. Majapahit: Raden Vijaya passes away & son, Jayanagara, becomes ruler w name Sri Sundarapandyadevadhisvara Vikramottungadeva. |
France, 13 Oct: French King Phillip IV orders arrest of Templars. | |||
| 1305 | France, 14 Nov: Bertrand de Got crowned Pope Clement V at Lyons. |
| [CC] 2004. Timothy Pwee. |