Home

To know  
about me

English Idioms

Language Functions

Linking Words

Exams and exercises
الاول الثانوى

Vocabulary

Passive

Reported Speech

Verb Conjugation

proverbs

pronunciation

                      Reported Speech  الحديث غير المباشر

              Direct Speech

What is direct speech?
Direct speech is the actual words of the speaker himself.      ما يقوله الشخص على لسانه
Form of direct speech in writing                                               شكل الكلام المباشر عند الكتابة
                            :لاحظ علامات الترقيم عند استخدام الكلام المباشر فى الحديث وعند استخدامه فى الكتابة
 *Actual spoken statement:             "I'm writing an English story."
 *Direct statement:                        "I'm writing an English story," Ali said.

  *Actual spoken question:              "What are you going to do, Amr?"
  *Direct question:                            "What are you going to do, Amr?" Ali asked.
Punctuation marks
                                 .توضع الجملة المباشرة بين فاصلتين مقلوبتين وتستخدم داخلهما باقىعلامات الترقيم
     "......................................," Ahmed said.
     "......................................?" Ahmed asked.
     Ahmed said, " I'm fond of reading English."
                                             يمكنك استخدام قلب الجملة مع فعل القول وخاصة اذا طال شكل الفاعل
     "................................................," said the little boy.
     "................................................," the little boy said.
                                                                               لاتقدم فعل القول على الفاعل اذا كان ضميراً
     "................................................," said he.        Wrong
      "................................................," he said         Right
                                                                        . عند استخدام ظرف أو حال ياتى فى نهاية الجملة
     "................................................," he said angrily.

     Indirect Speech
 What is indirect speech?
We use  indirect speech when we are telling someone what another person says or said.
 e.g.    Ali says that he can answer the question. 
          Ali said that he could answer the question. 
          Ali told me that he could answer the question. 
How to change a direct statement into a reported one.
  Direct:     " I 'm from the United Arab Emirates," Majid says.
  Indirect:    Majid says that he is from the United Arab Emirates.
                  Majid tells me that he is from the United Arab Emirates.
                                                                                                        : لاحظ ما تم تغييره  فيما سبق
                                                                                                                                                            

1- حذف الأقواس مع اتباع علامات الترقيم العادية
2  -عند استخدام فعل القول (say/tell ) في المضارع لا يحدث تغيير فى زمن فعل الجملة المباشرة.
3- استخدام الرابط that بعد فعل القول .
4- تغيير الضمائر لتتوافق مع فاعل الجملة المنقولة

 Direct:                 "I go to school at 7," Amr said.
 Indirect:               Amr said (that) he went to school at 7.
                            Amr said to me (that) he went to school at 7.
                            Amr told me (that) he went to school at 7.