We understood that the fungi are one of the formational components of
the excellent plants but it is necessary to accept this matter, we have
the evidences. Dodder parasite plant is supposed. This plant absorb
necessary materials form other excellent plant's tissue. Therefore, it
inserts the haustoria into the host herbaceous tissue and transfer
necessary materials into its vessels by this haustoria. Some of
herbaceous parasitic fungi, exactly do also this work. Herbaceous
parasitic fungi insert the haustoria in to the tissue cells of the host
to acquire necessary materials too. Then is observed that the vessels of
dodder and herbaceous parasitic fungi use the similar procedure. The
structure of haustoria is similar in both. The enzymes is similar that
they use to pierce the tissue and to insert the haustorium into the
cell. Shape and procedure of haustorium are quite similar too. Then it
is an evidence that the vessels of the plants are similar to
polycellular fungi. Other wise, the vessels of the plant are a free
polycellular fungus at previous. Then are put in a class with other
simple polycellular existents and make a complex class as excellent
plants by symbiosis life.
Most of the hormones of the plants are similar to that are existent in
herbaceous parasitic fungi. Giberralline hormone is first obtained from
a parasitic fungus on the rice. This fungus caused to long of the stalk
of the rice between two nodes of stalk by secretion this hormone into
tissue of host plant. This work caused to the collapse of the rice
stalks and damaged. After study on this hormone is cleared that same of
this hormone is secreted in the plant vessels. That controls the rate of
cell growth and cell size. The name of this hormone "Giberralline" is
borrowed from the same race parasitic fungus. Then we observed that
herbaceous parasitic fungi those are simple polycellular existent, have
many similar to the vessels of the excellent plants. The other
characteristic of the herbaceous parasitic fungi is that can grow in the
plant body similar to vessels and are branched in different parts of the
plant body. "loose smut of wheat" is a good example for this matter. A
small fiber of parasitic fungus mycelium is hidden into wheat seed. When
the wheat seed is planted and start to budding, the mycelium of the
parasitic fungus also starts to growing and grows contemporary with
wheat stalk growth and ascends. When the wheat flowered, reproductive
organ of fungus is inserted to seed and there started to producing of
spore. In "Bunt smut of wheat " instead wheat seed, is also produced
fungus spores, too. "Polyporus sulphureus" (a tree parasitic fungi)
grows under the bark and goes to the branches of them. Reproductive
organs of this fungus come out from under the bark and make the caps of
the fungi and then start to spreading the spores. The vessels of the
plants also grow into plant similar to these fungi and arrive to leaves
and branches. In reproduction season come out from the top of the
branches or other sites of the plant and produce the reproductive
organs. Obvious example of this matter is observed in the ferns. Vessels
(ribs) grow in the leaf of fern and branch. Finally, at reproduction
time, mace lake organ is formed in the end of the vessel and the
epidermal layer of leaf is cleaved by this mace (Sporangium) swelling
and sporogenic organ comes out, then the spores come out from this mace
like organ. Exactly, this function is seen in "Rust of wheat" that is a
parasitic fungus in leaves. The mycelia of this fungus grow in to leaf
and its reproduction organ cleaves the epidermis leaf of at reproduction
time and sheds out the spores.
This evidences can be interpreted following that:
Duckweed (Bryophyta) those are primary polycellular existents and are
able to photosynthesis, lived in nature freely. But they couldn't grow
their body because they didn't have material transmission system. Then a
parasitic fungus attacked to this duckweed and inserted to its body.
There it obtained many organic materials for itself. This fungus doesn't
kill the duckweed because the source of organic materials is lossed by
killing of duckweed. The fungus remains into duckweed as a parasite and
helps it in water and mineral materials transmission till duckweed
produces many organic materials for it. Also, the fungus secrete into
duckweed hormones that cause to the rapid proliferation of duckweed
cells. In this time, duckweed has water and material transmission
system and can growth and maintain itself and send to upper limbs from
soil water and mineral materials. Therefore, duckweed isn't discomfort
from existence of this parasitic fungus in its body and bears its
existence, instead, the parasitic fungus uses duckweed as a former of
organic materials and grows in the parenchyma tissue of duckweed (i.e.
the vessels and ribs) and at reproduction season, brings out the
reproductive organs from parenchyma tissue of duckweed and sends out the
spores or seeds.
Incarnate a pollen of maize in your image that put on the cluster of
other maize. This pollen starts to growing and moves to ovisac in style.
The length of style of maize sometimes reaches to 20cm. This pollen must
grow in this long style till can reach to ovisac. Certainly, at this
growth, feeds from the host plant, because all materials aren't saved in
the pollen. Thus, pollen produced a narrow fiber same parasitic fungi
mycelia by feeding from the host plant parasitically till reaches to
ovisac. Then e see that pollen exactly act similar to herbaceous
parasitic fungus. Therefore we knew that the plants are formed from
parasitic fungi attacking to duckweeds and starting to symbiosis life.
Here, type and number of formational components of it determine the
species of the plant as we observed in lichens. For example, type "A" of
parasitic fungus is symbiosis with duckweed "B" and are made the plant
"AB". Or type "C" of fungus is symbiosis with duckweed "D" and are made
the plant "DC", and or type "A" of fungus and type "C" of fungus twice
are symbiosis with type "D" of duckweed and are made the plant "ACD". We
know that mycelia of fungi are different in point of view of male and
female sexuality. Positive and negative words are used about fungi. This
fiber of mycelium is positive or negative and two heterosexual fibers of
fungus are coupled at sexual intercourse and genetic inter change. In
excellent plants, we observe dioecious plants (for example palm tree)
and monoecious plants (for example apple tree). In the structure of the
monoecious plant, positive parasitic fungus and negative parasitic
fungus participate and both together live in the body of duckweed.
Finally male reproductive organ and female reproductive organ is male at
production time of flower. But, in dioecious plants, positive parasitic
fungus lives with one duckweed and negative parasitic fungus lives with
another duckweed. Therefor, male plant is separate to female plant, for
example palm tree. Two positive and negative fungus maybe in one plant
but come out from different sites of the body of duckweed, for example
walnut tree that the male and female flowers of it is separate but is on
one tree. If two fungi bring out from one site monoecious
(hermaphrodite) flower is made, for example, bean, violet and apple tree
and etc.
Thus generally, we knew that one or some simple polycellular fungi can
crowd with one or some duckweeds in a class and are formed next more
complex class. In this classification, "simple component classification
law", "symbiosis law of components" and "components independently law"
are all considered, there fore we can account this classification as a
legal classification in world.
Paper 5