About the euro
From the TREATY
ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
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Article 105
The primary objective of the
ESCB shall be to maintain price stability.
Without prejudice to the objective of price
stability, the ESCB shall support the general
economic policies in the Community with a view to
contributing to the achievement of the objectives
of the Community as laid down in Article 2.
The ESCB shall act in accordance with the
principle of an open market economy with free
competition, favouring an efficient allocation of
resources, and in compliance with the principles
set out in Article 4.
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Article 2
The Community shall have as its task, by establishing a
common market and an economic and monetary union
and by implementing common policies or activities
referred to in Articles 3 and 4, to promote throughout
the Community a harmonious, balanced and sustainable development
of economic activities, a high level of employment and of
social protection, equality between men and women, sustainable
and non competitiveness and convergence of economic
performance, a high level of protection and improvement
of the quality of the environment, the
raising of the standard of living and quality of life,
and economic and social cohesion and solidarity
among Member States.
Various types of... Europes:
Euroland:
12 Countries (+3*) |
The Economic Monetary Union
represents 306 million Europeans,
in which the euro is the legal currency.
The money is minted by the European Central Bank
based in Frankfurt, Germany.
Austria, Belgium, Finland,
France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain (January 1st, 1999)
Greece (January 1st, 2001)
*Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City.
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www.ecb.int |
The
current EU: 25 Countries |
Austria 1995, Belgium 1957, Czech Republic
2004, Cyprus 2004, Denmark 1973, Estonia 2004, Finland 1995, France 1957, Germany
1957, Greece 1981, Hungary 2004, Ireland 1973, Italy 1957,
Latvia 2004, Lithuania 2004, Luxembourg 1957, Malta 2004, Slovak
Republic 2004, Slovenia 2004, Spain 1986, Sweden 1995,
Netherlands 1957, Portugal 1986, United Kingdom
1973
Currently the EU has:
* 14 currencies (euro, Czech, Danish
(krone), Estonian, Slovak and Swedish (krona); Hungarian forint;
Latvian lat; British, Cypriote and Maltese pound; Lithuanian
litas, Slovenian Taller and Polish zloty);
* 20 official languages (Czech, Danish,
Dutch, Estonian, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek,
Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish,
Portuguese, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and
Swedish)
* 450 million inhabitants;
* 4,000,000 square
kilometers of land;
* 788 members in the
European Parliament.
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www.europa.eu.int |
Schengen
area: 15 Countries |
Among them there are no
documents controls at borders, except in the case
of serious public order reasons. The controls are
very accurate at the "external" borders.
In each Country is nonetheless necessary prove
one's identity and residence address, by carrying
with oneself the appropriate documents. (Schengen is the Luxembourg's village
where the Protocols were signed in 1985.)
Austria 1995, Belgium 1985,
Denmark 1996, Finland 1996, France 1985,Germany
1985, Greece 1992, Iceland 2001, Italy 1990,
Luxembourg 1985, Norway 2001, Netherlands 1985,
Portugal 1991, Spain 1991, Sweden 1996
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Europe Council: 46 Countries |
Albania 1995, Andorra 1994, Armenia 2001, Azerbaijan 2001, Austria 1956,
Belgium 1949, Bosnia & Hercegovina 2002, Bulgaria 1992, Croatia 1996, Cyprus
1961, Czech Republic 1993, Denmark 1949, Estonia
1993, Finland 1989, France 1949, Georgia 1999,
Germany 1950, Greece 1949, Hungary 1990, Iceland
1950, Ireland 1949, Italy 1949, Latvia 1995,
Liechtenstein 1978, Lithuania 1993, Luxembourg
1949, Macedonia 1995, Malta 1965, Monaco 2004, Moldova 1995,
Netherlands 1949, Norway 1949, Poland 1991,
Portugal 1976, Romania 1993, Russia 1996, San
Marino 1988, Serbia-Montenegro 2003, Slovak Republic 1993, Slovenia 1993,
Spain 1977, Sweden 1949, Switzerland 1963, Turkey
1950, Ukraine 1995, United Kingdom 1949
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www.coe.int |
In the European Free Trade
Association, established in 1960, now there are
only:
Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway,
Switzerland.
The first three with the EU's
Fifteen make up the European Economic Space (EEA)
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www.efta.int |
The "Organization for the
economic cooperation and development" gathers countries with
market economy systems,
human rights respect and pluralistic democracy.
Austria 1961, Belgium 1961,
Czech Republic 1995, Denmark 1961, Finland 1969,
France 1961, Germany 1961, Greece 1961, Hungary
1996, Iceland 1961, Ireland 1961, Italy 1961,
Luxembourg 1961, Netherlands 1961, Norway 1961,
Poland 1996, Portugal 1961, Slovak Republic 2000,
Spain 1961, Sweden 1961, Switzerland 1961, Turkey
1961, United Kingdom 1961.
Australia 1971, Canada 1961, Japan 1964, Korea
1996, Mexico 1994, New Zealand 1973, United
States 1961.
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www.oecd.org/ |
Its name is "Organizzation
for Security and Cooperation in Europe",
but in fact it includes a large part of the
northern emisphere: all Europe, every States
which once had been making up the Soviet Union, plus the
USA and Canada.
It was born in 1973.
Albania 1991, Andorra 1996,
Armenia 1992, Austria 1973, Azerbajian 1992,
Belgium 1973, Belarus 1992, Bosnia&Herzegovina
1992, Bulgaria 1973, Canada 1973, Repubblica Ceca
1993, Cyprus 1993, Croatia 1992, Denmark 1973,
Estonia 1991, Finland 1973, France 1973, Georgia
1992, Germany 1973, Greece 1973, Holy See 1973,
Hungary 1973, Ireland 1973, Iceland 1973, Italy
1973, Jugoslavia 2000, Latvia 1991, Kazakstan
1992, Kirgizistan 1992, Liechtenstein 1973,
Lithuania 1991, Luxembourg 1973, Macedonia 1995,
Malta 1973, Moldova 1992, Monaco 1973, Norway
1973, Netherlands 1973, Poland 1973, Portugal
1973, United Kingdom 1973, Romania 1973, Russia
1973, San Marino 1973, Slovak Republic 1993,
Slovenia 1993, Spain 1973, Sweden 1973,
Switzerland 1973, Tagikistan 1992, Turkey 1973,
Turkmenistan 1992, Ukraine 1992, USA 1973,
Uzbekistan 1992.
www.osce.org.
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In
Nice only the violents hit the news!
All that the newspapers didn't
show to their readers....
Only the violents deserve the first page on
newpapers?
On the right
a moment of the lively manifestation, which was
greeted nicely by the Nice inhabitants.
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http://www.jef-europe.org/
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