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About the euro

From the TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY


Article 105

The primary objective of the ESCB shall be to maintain price stability.
Without prejudice to the objective of price stability, the ESCB shall support the general economic policies in the Community with a view to contributing to the achievement of the objectives of the Community as laid down in Article 2.
The ESCB shall act in accordance with the principle of an open market economy with free competition, favouring an efficient allocation of resources, and in compliance with the principles set out in Article 4.

Article 2
The Community shall have as its task, by establishing a common market and an economic and monetary union and by implementing common policies or activities referred to in Articles 3 and 4, to promote throughout the Community a harmonious, balanced and sustainable development of economic activities, a high level of employment and of social protection, equality between men and women, sustainable and non competitiveness and convergence of economic performance, a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment, the raising of the standard of living and quality of life, and economic and social cohesion and solidarity among Member States.

Various types of... Europes:

Euroland: 12 Countries (+3*)

The Economic Monetary Union represents 306 million Europeans, in which the euro is the legal currency.  The money is minted by the European Central Bank based in Frankfurt, Germany.

Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain (January 1st, 1999)
Greece (January 1st, 2001)

*Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City.



www.ecb.int
The current EU: 25 Countries

Austria 1995, Belgium 1957, Czech Republic 2004, Cyprus 2004, Denmark 1973, Estonia 2004, Finland 1995, France 1957, Germany 1957, Greece 1981, Hungary 2004, Ireland 1973, Italy 1957, Latvia 2004, Lithuania 2004, Luxembourg 1957, Malta 2004, Slovak Republic 2004, Slovenia 2004, Spain 1986, Sweden 1995, Netherlands 1957, Portugal 1986, United Kingdom 1973

Currently the EU has:
14 currencies (euro, Czech, Danish (krone), Estonian, Slovak and Swedish (krona); Hungarian forint; Latvian lat; British, Cypriote and Maltese pound; Lithuanian litas, Slovenian Taller and Polish zloty); 
20 official languages (Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish,  Portuguese, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish)  

*
  450 million inhabitants;
4,000,000 square kilometers of land;
788 members in the European Parliament.    


www.europa.eu.int
Schengen area: 15 Countries

Among them there are no documents controls at borders, except in the case of serious public order reasons. The controls are very accurate at the "external" borders. In each Country is nonetheless necessary prove one's identity and residence address, by carrying with oneself the appropriate documents. (Schengen is the Luxembourg's village where the Protocols were signed in 1985.)

Austria 1995, Belgium 1985, Denmark 1996, Finland 1996, France 1985,Germany 1985, Greece 1992, Iceland 2001, Italy 1990, Luxembourg 1985, Norway 2001, Netherlands 1985, Portugal 1991, Spain 1991, Sweden 1996

Europe Council: 46 Countries

Albania 1995, Andorra 1994, Armenia 2001, Azerbaijan 2001, Austria 1956, Belgium 1949, Bosnia & Hercegovina 2002, Bulgaria 1992, Croatia 1996, Cyprus 1961, Czech Republic 1993, Denmark 1949, Estonia 1993, Finland 1989, France 1949, Georgia 1999, Germany 1950, Greece 1949, Hungary 1990, Iceland 1950, Ireland 1949, Italy 1949, Latvia 1995, Liechtenstein 1978, Lithuania 1993, Luxembourg 1949, Macedonia 1995, Malta 1965, Monaco 2004, Moldova 1995, Netherlands 1949, Norway 1949, Poland 1991, Portugal 1976, Romania 1993, Russia 1996, San Marino 1988, Serbia-Montenegro 2003, Slovak Republic 1993, Slovenia 1993, Spain 1977, Sweden 1949, Switzerland 1963, Turkey 1950, Ukraine 1995, United Kingdom 1949

 


www.coe.int
EFTA: 4 Countries

In the European Free Trade Association, established in 1960, now there are only:

Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland.

The first three with the EU's Fifteen make up the European Economic Space (EEA)


www.efta.int
OECD: 30 Countries

The "Organization for the economic cooperation and development" gathers countries with market economy systems, human rights respect and pluralistic democracy.

Austria 1961, Belgium 1961, Czech Republic 1995, Denmark 1961, Finland 1969, France 1961, Germany 1961, Greece 1961, Hungary 1996, Iceland 1961, Ireland 1961, Italy 1961, Luxembourg 1961, Netherlands 1961, Norway 1961, Poland 1996, Portugal 1961, Slovak Republic 2000, Spain 1961, Sweden 1961, Switzerland 1961, Turkey 1961, United Kingdom 1961.
Australia 1971, Canada 1961, Japan 1964, Korea 1996, Mexico 1994, New Zealand 1973, United States 1961.

 


www.oecd.org/
OSCE: 55 Countries

Its name is "Organizzation for Security and Cooperation in Europe", but in fact it includes a large part of the northern emisphere: all Europe, every States which once had been making up the Soviet Union, plus the USA and Canada.
It was born in 1973.

Albania 1991, Andorra 1996, Armenia 1992, Austria 1973, Azerbajian 1992, Belgium 1973, Belarus 1992, Bosnia&Herzegovina 1992, Bulgaria 1973, Canada 1973, Repubblica Ceca 1993, Cyprus 1993, Croatia 1992, Denmark 1973, Estonia 1991, Finland 1973, France 1973, Georgia 1992, Germany 1973, Greece 1973, Holy See 1973, Hungary 1973, Ireland 1973, Iceland 1973, Italy 1973, Jugoslavia 2000, Latvia 1991, Kazakstan 1992, Kirgizistan 1992, Liechtenstein 1973, Lithuania 1991, Luxembourg 1973, Macedonia 1995, Malta 1973, Moldova 1992, Monaco 1973, Norway 1973, Netherlands 1973, Poland 1973, Portugal 1973, United Kingdom 1973, Romania 1973, Russia 1973, San Marino 1973, Slovak Republic 1993, Slovenia 1993, Spain 1973, Sweden 1973, Switzerland 1973, Tagikistan 1992, Turkey 1973, Turkmenistan 1992, Ukraine 1992, USA 1973, Uzbekistan 1992.

www.osce.org.

In Nice only the violents hit the news!

All that the newspapers didn't show to their readers....
Only the violents deserve the first page on newpapers?

On the right a moment of the lively manifestation, which was greeted nicely by the Nice inhabitants.


http://www.jef-europe.org/

 

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