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However
all religious ceremonies of Hindus like marriage ceremony,
Upanayanam, death rites etc are Vedic ceremonies and the Gods
invoked are Vedic Gods.
All the
Upanishads say the same thing. They say that there is only
one God called Brahmam ( Brahmam is different from Brahma
who is one of the Trimurthis). Brahmam is also known by the
names Hiranya Garban, Prajapathi, Paramatma, Virat Purusha.
He is the Universal Soul who pervades the entire Universe
and exists as life in all living beings. The sum total of
all tangible things in the Universe is Virat Purusha and the
sum total of all intangible things in the Universe is Hiranya
Garban. This Universal Soul created the entire Universe. He
has no form and no qualities. While describing Brahmam in
the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad , Yajnavalkya describes what
He is not instead of saying what He is. The Kata Upanishad
says, "If you can say 'this is Brahmam',then it is not
Brahmam". Because Brahmam is beyond description and beyond
the comprehension of the human mind. He is represented by
the letter "Om" which is known as Akshara Brahmam.
The letter Om means Truth. Om has a special significance for
all Hindus because it represents the Paramatma the same way
the Cross represents what Jesus Christ stood for in Christianity.
The Pramatma is the only God and all other Gods are manifestations
of the Paramatma. The aim of all human beings should be to
achieve communion with the Paramatma. The Paramatma is inside
every human being in the form of Jeevatma or individual soul.
This Paramatma inside can be found by meditation only. The
Upanishads say that the only way to attain communion with
the Paramatma is by meditation. At the time of meditation
one chants 'Om'.
The Kata
Upanishad says, "It is not possible to realize Brahmam
just by deep knowledge or extensive reasoning. A person who
meditates ceaselessly about Brahmam alone will be able to
realize Him. The Brahmam then shows him His true nature".
Also "A person who does not give up evil ways, who does
not have control over senses and who does not put his mind
to peace by meditation can not attain this Supreme Being by
knowledge alone".
When
the Jeevatma does not attain communion with the Universal
Soul, after death the person is reborn as a human being or
an animal or insect and goes through the difficulties of life.
The underlying principle of this statement is that life is
a sea of difficulties and sorrows with occasional islands
of joy or happiness. The cycle of rebirths the Jeevatma goes
through is called transmigration of the soul because the soul
migrates from one body to another body. When the communion
is achieved , the Jeevatma goes to Brahmalokam and joins permanently
with the Paramatma, the Supreme Being and the chain of rebirths
stops. This is called Moksham or Mukthi. Every facet of Hinduism
is pervaded by the concept of Moksham. Bhagawan Ramana Maharshi
of Tiruvannamalai has given a slightly different interpretation
to Moksham. He says that finding the Paramatma in the depths
of one's mind is itself Moksham without bothering about the
concept of rebirth. A person who meditates on the Supreme
Being is called a Yogi because meditation is called Adhyatma
Yogam. A person who has achieved communion with the Supreme
Being is called Gnani because he has found the Truth (Gnanam
means knowledge). Such a person finds the true nature of Brahmam
or the Supreme Being in the depths of his mind. Such a person
becomes free from desires, joys and sorrows, becomes self-controlled
and serene. The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad says that a person
who is completely free from all desires himself becomes Brahmam.
In modern times well-known
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