Analgesics, Anti-asthmatics, Endocrine Pharmacology, GIT Pharmacology

31.    Cocaine hydrochloride:

a.     produces a slower onset of local anaesthesia if the pH of the medium is alkaline.

b.    prevents the re-uptake of catecholamines into the adrenergic nerve terminals.

c.    has a stimulant action on the cerebral cortex.

d.    produces mydriasis when instilled into the eye.

32.    The following interactions may be significant:

a.     aluminium hydroxide increases the bioavailability of propranolol.

b.     cigarette smokers metabolize propranolol slower than non-smokers.

c.     metoprolol inhibits bronchial dilation produced by isoprenaline.

d.     propranolol augments the hypoglycaemic action of insulin.

33.    Procaine:

a.     is a synthetic local anaesthetic.

b.     does not give rise to dependence.

c.     is not hydrolyzed by plasma esterase.

d.     can antagonize the action of sulphonamides.

34.   Cimetidine:

a.     is a specific H2-receptor agonist.

b.     has atropine-like action.

c.     inhibits gastric secretion.

d.     is well absorbed when taken orally.

35.    Local anaesthetics:

a.      act by binding to sodium ions.

b.      hasten initiation and propagation of nerve impulses.

c.      action is enhanced in inflamed tissue.

d.      are prepared as acidic salts.

36.    Local anaesthetics:

a.      cause convulsions when in overdose.

b.      must not be infiltrated around major peripheral nerves or near the spinal cord.

c.      cause cardiovascular collapse in overdose.

d.      is effective 30min after infiltration.

37.    The following corticosteroids do not produce salt and water retention:

a.      dexamethasone.

b.      hydrocortisone.

c.      prednisolone.

d.      triamcinolone.

38.    Biguanides:

a.      act by increasing the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.

b.      may cause lactic acidosis.

c.      may produce weight loss in obese diabetics.

d.      can produce anorexia.

39.    Tri-iodothyronine:

a.      has a more rapid onset of action than thyroxine.

b.      is preferable to thyroxine in treatment of myxoedema coma.

c.      has greater biological activity than thyroxine.

d.      has a longer duration of action than thyroxine.

40.    Allopurinol:

a.      is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

b.      is metabolized to active alloxanthine which has a longer half-life.

c.      enhances the metabolism of 6-Mercaptopurine.

d.      is the drug of choice in patients with hyperuricaemia who are overproducers.

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