Pharmacology of Antimicrobials and Cytotoxic drugs

31.    The cephalosporins:

a.      like cefamandole and cefoxitin have wide antimicrobial spectrum.

b.      are structurally related to penicillins and some are degraded by penicillinase.

c.      are usually effective against infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

d.      do not show cross-sensitivity reactions with penicillins.

32.    The adverse effects of tetracyclines include:

a.      fatty infiltration of the liver.

b.      permanent yellow discoloration of the teeth.

c.      pain on intramuscular injection.

d.      suprainfection.

33.    Isoniazid:

a.      inhibits liver microsomal enzymes.

b.      undergoes hepatic acetylation.

c.      indicated as prophylaxis for children who are household contacts of patients with active TB infection.

d.      is contraindicated in pregnancy.

34.     Rifampicin:

a.       interferes with mycobacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

b.       is hepatotoxic.

c.       can cause thrombocytosis.

d.       causes thrombocytopenia.

35.    Ethambutol:

a.      is useful as a first-line drug in anti-tuberculosis therapy.

b.      can be used alone in anti-TB treatment without causing bacterial resistance.

c.      can cause visual disturbances on long-term use.

d.      is mainly excreted unchanged by the kidney.

36.    Tetracyclines:

a.      are well distributed in tissues and body fluids.

b.      minocycline is used in meningococcal prophylaxis.

c.      usually accumulate in renal failure except for doxycycline.

d.      bacteriocidal in action.

37.    Cyclophosphamide:

a.      is used in the treatment of acute leukaemia.

b.      inhibits folate reductase.

c.      is converted to active metabolites in the body.

d.      can cause alopecia.

38.    The following alkylating agents can be administered orally:

a.      cyclophosphamide.

b.      busulfan.

c.      chlorambucil.

d.      dacarbazine.

39.      Sulfamethoxazole:

a.      is well absorbed orally.

b.      causes haemolytic anaemia in people with G6PD deficiency.

c.      causes kernicterus in the neonate.

d.      is often combined with trimethoprim.

40.     Metronidazole:

a.      is only effective when given parenterally.

b.      is used mainly to treat infection caused by aerobic bacteria.

c.      diffuses poorly into all tissues and body fluids.

d.      disulfiram-like effect with alcohol.

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