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THE PSYCHOLOGIES
Cacildo Marques
For us to receive the qualification to teach in the medium teaching the law forces us to study at least two semesters of Psychology. If some demand of specific course should be made, this should be the only, but, unhappily, the rite of passage is full of unjustifiable exigences, that in many cases, far away from helping, they just disturb.
In the century XIX, Auguste Comte glimpsed to have servant a positive science called Sociology, or Social Physics, that it would be the humanity's true science. She would have, therefore, of beating the Psychology. For so much he pontificated: the Psychology would be never a science, because the brain cannot study itself own. It was a brutal mistake, because in 1870 Wilhelm Wundt it created, in Germany, the first laboratory of Experimental Psychology, inaugurating the era epistemic era of this area of the knowledge. Of Sociology it is that nobody got until today to conceive a laboratory. She continues being a science built on other paradigm, don't remain the one of that that own Comte wanted that it was the positivity.
The Psychology grew and it ramified, so much that many understand it as a plural term. Each current part of methods and specific conceptions being constituted in something as a science different from the other currents. With that division, we have the Cognitive Psychology (daughter of the behaviorism, Skinner), the Psychoanalysis (Freud), the Analytical Psychology (Jung), the Theory of Gestalt (Kurt Levin) and Genetic Epistemology (Piaget).
This science is that whose results suffer more reaction. Like this, very important facts are unknown, rejected or badly interpreted. I remember, for who knows already, and I present, for the others, some of those marks that have been changing the history:
* Impregnation mechanism (inprinting): when the individual is born, his first glance influences his behavior definitively. A chicken arrival of shocked egg for swan will want to act as swan.
* Law of the primacy: more general reading of the inprinting, guaranteeing that the thing that it is seen first is what is memorized with more easiness.
* Conditioned reflex: we reproduced without reason behaviors to which we were conditioned. Ivan Pavlov showed that the trained dog feeding by the touch of a bell, it salivates with the bell, even without the presence of the food.
* Law of the effect: when it is learned with the effort, it is seen that this is rewarded and the tendency is to make an effort more.
* Quotient of Intelligence (QI): test result developed in the beginning of the century by Alfred Binet to measure intelligence apprenticeships. The test, that it was not good nor including, it has been improved with the time. A normal person has QI 100 (same mental age the chronological age).
* Development apprenticeships: psychological phases observed by Jean Piaget during the children's growth. Some apprenticeships: sensorial-motor, operative, operative-concrete.
* Reverse effect: result of the tendency of doing him/it contrary of what is preached, what happens mainly with adolescents (for instance, I use of drugs to challenge the police).
* Premenstrual tension (TPM): alteration of behavior that a lot of women present on the eve of the phase of the period.
In JORNAL DA VILA SONIA - 1999
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