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Mandurugo - A Filipino vampire found in the region of Capiz, said to appear as a beautiful woman during the day and as a foul flying fiend at night. The Mandurugo uses her beauty to attract and wed young men, thus providing herself with a constant blood supply. When not feasting secretly upon her husband, she flies away in the dark of night, hunting her prey until dawn, when the crowing of the cock signals her return to home. She then changes back into human form. A Mandurugo was seen in 1992 during the Philippines presidential election.
Masan - A feared Indian vampire demon, possibly the ghost of a child or the spirit of a low-caste individual, that delights in tormenting and murdering children. The fiend can turn its victims green, red, and yellow, but the children normally just waste away. The masan can also curse the oung with its shadow. It is attracted by water used to put out a cooking fire or the act of extinguishing a lamp with the fingers and then rubbing them on clothes. Should a woman allow part of her gown to drag behind her, the vampire will follow her home. The recommended way to free children from the masan is to weigh them in salt.
Masani - A terrible female demon vampire of India, the spirit of burial grounds. She is black in appearance, with a hideous countenance. Her hunts are conducted at night, beginning with her emergence from the ashes of a funeral pyre. Anyone passing the burial site is attacked.
Mormo - A Rhideous female vampirelike creature found in Greek mythology, said to be part of the train of the goddess Hecate and not quite as hideous as the empusa, Greek children were told stories about the mormo by their nurses, and in time she became a favored bugaboo rather than a terrible denizen of the underworld. In his De Spectris (1575), Louis Lavater included the mormo in his examination of vampire species in the ancient world. The mormo was also thought to be similar to the lamia.
Muroni - Also called murony and muronul, a kind of vampire found in the southern Romanian region of Wallachia. The mmuroni is very similar to the Romanian strigoii, although it is especially feared for its ability to transform itself into a variety of shapes, including cats, dogs, fleas, or spiders. While in these incarnations, the muroni slays easily, leaving behind marks that disguise its true nature. The only real clue is the fact that its victim is left completely drained of blood without the usual puncture marks. Anyone thus slain is doomed to become a vampire, and no preventives are available. The recommended methods of destroying the muroni are simple: Pound a long nail through the forehead or a stake through the heart.
Necrophagism - Also necrophagy, a psychological term used to describe the consumption of pieces of the corpse of someone who has been terribly mutilated. Done often while in a state of frenzy, this deviant act can be differentiated from cannibalism in that it is most often directed (1) towards a specific organ or body part of (2) a dead person, the victim normally having been murdered only moments before.
Necrophilia - A severe mental disorder and sexual deviation involving the uncontrollable desire to engage in assorted sexual activities with a cadaver, normally performed by a male with an obsessive attitude about young women, toward whom he has a severe inferiority complex. The necrophiliac very closely monitors the obituaries and then digs up recently deceased women or breaks into their tombs. The deviance has been noted throughout history; evidence for it dates back to the writings of Herodotus (fifth century B.C.) and to the tyrant of Corinth, Periander (d. 585 B.C). Cases of necrophilia were often mentioned in Europe in conjunction with terrible murderers - especially the so-called historical or living vampires-criminals who killed after rape and torture and then ate their victims.
Neuntoter - A German vampire species found especially in Saxony, traditionally a great carrier of plagues, usually seen during the severe epidemics. The name neuntoter comes from the generally held belief that it takes nine days for this vampire to be fully formed in the grave. The accepted method for destroying the neuntoter is to place lemon in its mouth.
Nosferatu - Also nosferat, a decidedly lustful Romanian species of vampire associated with both the incubus and the succubus, said to be the illegitimate child of parents who are illegitimate. Shortly after its burial, the creature wakens, departs the grave, and embarks on a long and savage career. It sucks blood, but it also delights in tormenting and engaging in wild orgies with the living. The male nosferatu is able to impregnate women. The resulting children are born covered with hair and are destined to become witches or live vampires. The vampire also dislikes recently married couples, making the male impotent and the bride barren. The best method of destroying the creature is by firing a shot into its grave or by impaling it on a stake.
Ohyn - A species of Polish vampire, cauesd by the presence of teeth and a caul at birth. The only way that one can prevent such a child from becoming an ohyn is to extract the teeth of the infant, lest it die and awaken in the earth, and chew its own flesh and bones before it feasts upon relatives.
Oil, Boiling - A liquid used frequently in the destruction of vampires, most notable those found in Greece, wuch as the vrykolakas. When a vampire is exhumed and removed from the coffin, the vampire hunters scald the body in oil before staking it. Boiling Oil is also thrown on the dirt above the coffin, thereby sealing the ground from future vampire habitation.
Oil, Holy - The consecrated liquids used by the Christian churches for sacramental purposes, including ordination, baptism, confirmation, consecration, and burials. In fighting the undead, holy oils have been used to create deadly weapons against evil. Priests can anoint wooden stakes and daggers to be wielded against vampires, or consecrated holy oil can be thrown upon a vampire, but the substance is not always available and is a thick, viscous fluid limited in range. Holy water, easier to acquire and to throw, is the sacred liquid of choice among vampire hunters.
Pacu Pati - A powerful Indian vampire whose name means "master of the herd," known also as mmbyu. The creature is deemed the lord of all beings of mischief, including varieties of ghouls, ghosts, and vampires. He is seen at night, surrounded by his terrible victims, frequenting cemeteries and places of execution.
Palm Hair - One of the most unappealing characteristics of vampires, a trait that is largely fictional in origin. Bram Stoker mentioned palm hair in his novel Dracula, in Jonathan Harker's description of the count. There is no general folk tradition of palm hair being a regular attribute of the undead. Once Stoker used it, however, it became an accepted fact by such writers as Montague Summers.
Piercing A Corpse - The act of impaling or mutilating a body in order to prevent the return of the deceased as a revenant or vampire. Corpse Piercing is different from using a stake to impale an undead or decapitating it with a sexton's spade, as this act is a preventive measure, intended to make sure that a vampiric transformation does not take place. This act involves piercing of the flesh. This act has been practiced in many regions, especially Balkans and Greece and in northern Europe, where nails were pounded into the heads of the corpses. Stakes were hammered into the chest to pin the body to the grave, and studs or nails were also inserted into the feet, hair, and legs. This symbolic attaching of the corpse to the earth was believed to ensure eternal rest.
Pijavica - A kind of Slovenian vampire found in parts of northwestern Yugoslavia, particularly in the region bordering Austria and Italy. The pijavica is created as a result of various evils having been perpetrated by the deceased during his or her mortal life, including incest - the worst possible offense and the one that most assuredly guarantees a person's return as a vampire. The creature can be destroyed by decapitation, its annihilation made complete by placing the head between the legs. The Croatian variation is the pijawica, the name in this case derived from pit, to drink.
P'o - The name give by the Chinese to the second of two souls belonging to each person. The superior soul, the hun, partakes in the finest qualities of the spirits of goodness, while the p'o is the inferior, ranked with evil spirits and characterized by malevolence. In Chinese vampiric lore, the p'o plays an important role in the creation of the undead. Should any part of the corpse remain intact or undestroyed, the p'o might be able to use this piece to pass forth from the tomb, becoming a vampire and making the fragment the base of its powers. The accidental exposure of whole body parts to the sun or the moon was a terrible event, as the p'o could be energized enough to go out and drink human blood, thus adding to its own vitality.
Psychic Vampires -One of the most potentially dangerous of all vampire species, as these creatures feed upon the psychic energies of their victims, leaving them exhausted. Continued feedings can lead to permanent debilitation, even to death. In the past, young humans and animals were believed capable of stealing life and were kept apart from adults, especially sleep periods. Various occult experts, such as A. Osborne Eaves and Franz Harmann, wrote about the phenomenon, along with ways of resisting such assaults. Hartmann described the typical psychic vampire as having a hand that feels clammy and cadaverous. Eaves recommended protecting oneself by imaging a protective barrier of white mist beyond the person's own aura and by applying incense or garlic in a room. Keeping the hands closed in public was also thought to be beneficial.
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