by Adil Özdemir and Kenneth Frank
Table of Contents
| Foreword by Annemarie Schimmel |
| Preface |
PART I The Background
1 Introduction
2 Notes on Methods
3 The Present Juncture in the Spiritual Journey of Muslims in Turkey
4 A Brief Faith History of Islam
PART II A Portrayal of Worship in Turkey
5 Expressions of Faith and Identity
| The testimony |
| Circumcision |
| The role of the Kur'an |
| Pious phrases: Naming Allah in everyday language |
| Prayer beads |
| The birthday poem of the Prophet |
| Sacred nights |
| Weddings and sexual relations |
| The naming ceremony |
| Folk beliefs and shamanic figures |
| The interpretation of dreams |
| Evaluation: The impact of modernity on confession and witness |
6 The Religious Orders
| Nursis |
| Nakshibendis |
| Bektashis |
| Alevis |
| Mevlevis |
| Miscellaneous groups |
| Evaluation: The role of the tarikats in the modern state |
7 Fasting and The Breaking of The Fast Holiday
| Origins |
| Preparation for the arrival of Ramazan |
| The procedure for fasting |
| Iftar: Breaking the day's fast |
| Sahur: The pre-dawn meal |
| Allowances for personal circumstances |
| Recompense for undone fasting |
| The etiquette of fasting |
| Teravih and other activities in Ramazan |
| Ramazan festival preparations and the Ramazan alms |
| The Ramazan festival |
| Evaluation: The meaning of fasting in modern Turkey |
8 The Funeral Prayer and Burial
| Death |
| Preparation of the corpse |
| The Funeral Prayer |
| Burial |
| Condolence visits |
| Remembering the dead |
| Evaluation: Funerals - modern Turkey awash in religion |
9 The Call to Prayer
| The text of the call |
| The daily hours of the call |
| The procedure for the call |
| The internal call to prayer |
| Evaluation: The function and language of the ezan |
10 The Pilgrimage
| Origins |
| Setting out on the pilgrimage |
| A brief description of the sacrament |
| The return from the pilgrimage |
| Other religious visits |
| Evaluation: The modern experience of the hajj |
11. Almsgiving and The Animal Offering
| Zekat |
| The Ramazan alms |
| The festival of the animal offering |
| Evaluation: The challenge to charity of secularization and urbanization |
12. The Sacrament of Prayer
| The sacrament of prayer as a form of zikir |
| Components of the canonical prayer |
| Preparation for canonical prayer |
| The stations of the canonical prayer |
| Concluding petitionary prayer |
| The corporate sacrament of prayer |
| Corporate praise and petition |
| Recitation from the Kur'an |
| The Friday prayer sacrament |
| Principles and themes of the canonical prayer |
| Evaluation: Intensity of participation in the prayer sacrament |
13. Cleanliness and Purity
| The meaning of cleanliness and purity |
| The smaller ablution |
| Breaking the state of cleanliness and purity |
| The full ablution |
| Accommodations for personal circumstances |
| Evaluation: Private cleanliness and the environment |
14. Mosques and Architecture
| The original mosque: the Kaaba |
| The ecumenical character of a mosque |
| How a mosque is built |
| Visiting a mosque |
| Architectural elements |
| Evaluation: The meaning of the mosque today |
15. Religious Functionaries
| The muezzin |
| The ritual prayer leader and preacher (Imam-Hatip) |
| Higher officials |
| Turkish state Islam |
Conclusion
Appendices
| A A Classification of Canonical and Non-canonical Practices |
| B Ceremonial Practices Ranked by Intensity of Attendance |
| C The Scheduling of Canonical Worship |
| D Individual Religious Practices that are Tied to the Believer's Age |
| E Current Areas of Controversy between Secular and Non-secular Worldviews in Turkey |
| F The Yearly Schedule of Major Sunni Islam Celebrations and Holidays |
| G Alternative Modes of Sacramental Practice According to Personal Circumstances |
| H A Classification of Islamic Charity |
| I The Term 'Prayer' |
| J Gender Issues in Islamic Worship |
| K Sets of Stations of the Canonical Prayer |
| L Typical Themes of the Formal Sermon |
| M A Standard Floor Plan of the Mosque |
| N The Structure of Turkish State Islam |
| O Underlying Principles and Ideals of Islamic Worship |
| Notes and References |
| Glossary |
| Short Bibliography |
| Index |