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Fin/Limb Homologies

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Limb bud HOX gene expression patterns

Different Hox Genes Specify Different Structures Along the Proximo-Distal Axis

Embryonic Limb Bud of Mouse at 11 days Pectoral Fin/Limb Evolution


  1. Hafenbradl, Doris; Keller, Martin; Dirmeier, Reinhard; Rachel, Reinhard; Roßnagel, Petra; Burggraf, Siegfried; Huber, Harald; Stetter, Karl O.
  2. Hafenbradl, Doris; Keller, Martin; Wachtershauser, Gunter; Setter, Karl O.
  3. Hagmann, Michael
  4. Developmental Biologist - Brian K. Hall Hall, Brian K.
    • Germ Layers and the Germ-Layer Theory Revisited: Primary and Secondary Germ Layers, Neural Crest as a Fourth Germ Layer, Homology, and Demise of the Germ-Layer Theory
    • Evolutionary Biology: Vol. 30, pp. 121-186
    • QH 366.A1.E9 v.30 1998
  5. _______________________________________

    The Neural Crest as a Fourth Germ Layer and Vertebrates as Quadroblastic Not Triploblastic

    "...[N]eural crest cells are not a homogenous population of cells, but rather a collective of populations of cells. Although they overlap in the neural crest, some of these cell populations have been separate since the origin of the vertebrates almost 500 million years ago...

    [N]eural crest cells transform to mesenchyinal cells and migrate away from the developing brain and spinal cord, migrating as discrete populations of cells. Similar populations of cells can be observed across the vertebrates, i.e.. they have been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution.

    The neural crest gives rise to so many different cell types - more types than arise from mesoderm - that the neural crest can be regarded as a fourth germ layer, one that is unique to vertebrates and that allowed many distinctive vertebrate tissues to arise."

    Brian K. Hall
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  6. Hamburger, Viktor
    • Emergence of Nervous Cooridination: Origins of Ingegrated Behavior
    • in: Neuroembryology: The Selected Papers
      • Originally in: Developmental Biology Supplement: Vol. 2, pp. 252-271, 1968
      • pp. 189-209
    • Birkhauser
    • QP 363.5.H36 1990
  7. Viktor Hamburger - Neuroembryologist
    • Hans Spemann and the Organizer Concept
    • in: Neuroembryology: The Selected Papers
      • Originally in: Experienta: Vol. 25, 1969
      • pp. 379-383
    • Birkhauser
    • QP 363.5.H36 1990
    • S. Ramon Y Cajal, R.G. Harrison, And The Beginnings of Neuroembryology
    • in: Neuroembryology: The Selected Papers
      • Originally in: Perspectives in Biology and Medicine: Vol. 23, pp. 600-616, Summer 1980
      • pp. 266-616
    • Birkhauser
    • QP 363.5.H36 1990
    • Historical-Landmarks in Neurogenesis
    • in: Neuroembryology: The Selected Papers
      • Originally in: Trends in NeuroSciences: Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 151-155, July 1981
      • pp. 283-292
    • Birkhauser
    • QP 363.5.H36 1990
    • Hans Spemann, Nobel Laureate 1935
    • in: Neuroembryology: The Selected Papers
      • Originally in: Trends Neurosciences: Vol. 8, No. 9, pp. 385-387, September 1985
      • pp. 384-386
    • Birkhauser
    • QP 363.5.H36 1990
    • The Rise of Experimental Neuroembryology: A Personal Reassessment
    • in: Neuroembryology: The Selected Papers
      • Originally in: The S. Kuffler Lecture - Dept. of Neurobiology, Harvard University, May 8, 1989
      • pp. 389-403
    • Birkhauser
    • QP 363.5.H36 1990

  8. Gcn4 Leucine Zipper Core Mutant P-Li Harbury, Pehr B.; Zhang, Tao; Kim, Peter S.; Alber, Tom
  9. Hardison, Ross C.
  10. A typical 'capping box' in Cytochrome c351 Harper, Edwin T.; Rose, George D.
  11. Structure of cytochrome c551 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa refined at 1.6 A resolution

  12. Hendrickson, Tamara L.
  13. Herbert, Nick
  14. Herbst, Robert M.
    • The Reaction Between Alpha-Ketonic Acids and Alpha-Amino Acids
    • Journal of Biological Chemistry: Vol. 58, pp. 2239-2243
    • November 1934

  15. Herlenius, Eric; Lagercrantz, Hugo
  16. Herman, Edward S.
  17. Edward S. Herman - Economist and Analyst of Political Economy, Media, and Foreign Policy Issues Herman, Edward S.; Chomsky, Noam
  18. Hiley, Basil J.; Peat, F. David (Editors)
  19. Hinton, Geoffrey E.
    • How Neural Networks Learn From Experience
    • Scientific American: Vol. 267, No. 3, pp. 144-151
    • September 1992
    • [Pubmed]
    • Also Published in:
      • Mind and Brain: Readings from Scientific American Magazine
      • W.H. Freeman
    • QP 360.5.M55 1993

  20. Hitchens, Christopher
  21. _______________________________________

    "The U.S. public is depoliticized, [and] poorly informed on foreign affairs... and strongly patriotic in the face of a struggle...

    Even though the public is normally averse to war, even with modest propaganda efforts... the public can be quickly transformed into enthusiastic supporters of war."

    Edward S. Herman
    _______________________________________

    Hodos, William; Butler, Ann B.
    • Sensory System Evolution in Vertebrates
    • in: Brain Evolution and Cognition
      • Edited by Gerhard Roth, Mario F. Wullimann
      • pp. 113-134
    • Wiley-Spektrum
    • QP 360.5.B734 2001

  22. Holland, Linda Z.; Gibson-Brown, Jeremy J.
  23. Holland, Nicholas D.; Chen, Junyuan
  24. Holtfreter, Johannes
  25. Homan, Richard W.
  26. Hornak, Joseph P.
  27. Hou, Lianhai; Martin, Larry D.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Feduccia, Alan
  28. Huber, Claudia; Eisenreich, Wolfgang; Hecht, Stefan; Wächtershäuser, G��nter
  29. Huber, Claudia; Wachtershauser, Gunter
  30. Hunt, Paul; Krumlauf, Robb
Chicken limb bud Induction and maintenance in the limb bud


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Sources and References
______________________

A |B |C |D |E |F |G |H |I
J |K |L |M |N |O |P |Q
R |S |T |U |V |W |X |Y |Z
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