Body Composition

Body Composition

Body Circumference


Introduction
Task
Materials
Process
Analyze
Resources
Conclusion
Evaluation

Homework
Practice
Critical Thinking
New Challenges
Standards
Grades

Introduction
The human body is made up of many different components that work together to provide the mechanics of life. Body composition can be assessed through many different procedures; hydrostatic, skinfold thickness, girth measurements, or bioelectrical impedance.
By taking a complete set of your body measurements you can develop an assessment of your personal body composition. These initial measurements will help you keep a careful record of the progress you will be making. In this way you�ll be able to get a practical mental picture of yourself. The road to good health takes a lifetime, having evidence of progress will help you finish that journey.

Your Challenge
  • Measure and record specific body circumferences using cloth measuring tape
  • Identify the accuracy of measurements and propose solutions to reduce the degree of error
  • Analyzes data using mathematical concepts of mean, range, stem-and-leaf plot
  • Identify the similarities and differences in body circumferences between females and males.

    Materials
  • cloth measuring tape centimeters
  • scale to measure body weight
  • pencil or pen

    Process
    David P. Willoughby, an American writer in the field of physical development and anthropometrics statistics projected the following method for proper measurements. Use a cloth tape; make sure that it is accurate. Have someone else take your measurements if possible. If you are obligated to measure yourself, it will be helpful to stand before a mirror so that the position of the tape can be seen. Record the height and the girth measurements in centimeters; weight to the nearest kilogram. Girth measurements should always be taken with the tape at right angles to the axis of the body or limb at the point of measurement. No slanting of the tape is permitted. Height is to be taken in bare feet, body erect, and heels together. Make yourself as tall as possible while keeping your heels on the floor. Weight should be taken without cloths where this is impractical the weight of the cloths should be deducted.

    Girth Measurements:

  • Neck: at the smallest part, just above the Adam�s apple; head erect.
  • Upper arm: (relaxed), at the largest part when arm is hanging relaxed to the side of the body.
  • Forearm: (relaxed), at the largest part, arm straight, fist relaxed, wrist straight, fingers straight.
  • Wrist: directly next to the base of the hand between the bony knobs and the hand, hand open, fingers straight, hand in line with forearm.
  • Chest: (normal) at the largest part immediately under the armpits, the tape crossing the shoulder blades in back and the nipples in front, body erect, head up, breathing quiet, muscle relaxed.
  • Waist: at the smallest part, usually just above the navel, body naturally erect, and abdomen neither drawn in nor protruded.
  • Hips: at the largest part, where the hips are broadest from side to side, and the buttocks deepest from front to back, feet together.
  • Thigh: at the largest part, usually in the crease just below the buttocks, feet about fifth teen centimeters apart, thigh muscles relax.
  • Knee: across the middle of the kneecap, thigh muscles relaxed, but knees straight, weight distributed equally to both legs.
  • Calf: at the largest part, heels down and the weight supported equally on both feet.
  • Ankle: at the smallest part, about five centimeters above the bony knobs on the sides of ankle, both feet on floor, weight distributed equally to each.
    • Note:
  • Be sure to take measurements of both right and left arms and legs.
  • All measurements of the fleshy (muscular) parts should be taken with the tape in gentle contact with the skin.
  • In women, the chest measurements are to be taken above the level of the breast. The bust measurement is a separate measurement taken with the tape at the level of the greatest prominence of the breast. Otherwise, all measurements are taken the same way for men and women.

    • Perform the measurements and record your data in Your Body Circumferences. Please e-mail me this document to [email protected]

    Evaluation

    Body Circumference Homework 1

    Circumference Measurements cloth on skin
    Review and Try Again
    correctly measured and recorded less than 50 measurements:
    each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Apprentice
    correctly measured and recorded 50 to 58 measurements:
    each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Accomplished
    correctly measured and recorded 59-60 measurements:
    each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Range for Body Circumference Measurements
    Review and Try Again
    correctly identified the range for less than 15 body circumferences: each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Apprentice
    correctly identified the range for 15 - 18 body circumferences: each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Accomplished
    correctly identified the range for 19-20 body circumferences: each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Homework Measurements Best Number
    Review and Try Again
    correctly calculated the mean for less than 15 body circumferences: each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Apprentice
    correctly calculated the mean for 15 - 18 body circumferences: each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Accomplished
    correctly calculated the mean for 19 - 20 body circumferences: each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Classroom Measurements
    Review and Try Again
    correctly recorded lass than 15 body circumferences: each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Apprentice
    correctly recorded 15 - 18 body circumferences: each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Accomplished
    correctly recorded 19 - 20 body circumferences: each correct measurement = 0.5 pts.
    Difference Between Homework and Classwork
    Review and Try Again
    correctly calculated less than 15 differences: each correct calculation = 0.5 pts.
    Apprentice
    correctly calculated 15 - 18 differences: each correct calculation = 0.5 pts.
    Accomplished
    correctly calculated 19-20 differences: each correct calculation = 0.5 pts.

    Homework

    Body Circumference Homework 1

    While at home remeasure your body circumferences without wearing clothing, measuring tape to skin. Measure and record each body circumference three (3) different times. All measurements are taken with the tape at right angles to the axis of the body or limb at the point of measurement. No slanting of the tape is permitted. After you have completed your data collection, answer all the questions. Body Circumference Home Work 1

    Please e-mail me this document to [email protected]

    Class Body Circumference Measurements Next to Skin

    Females

    Body Part FemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleFemaleFemale
    Neck 31cm.32cm.34cm.30cm.36cm.31cm.30cm.33cm.XXcm.
    Upper Arm Relax Left20cm.23cm.26cm.23cm.31cm.XXcm.24cm.25cm.26cm.
    Upper Arm Relax Right20cm.23cm.26cm.23cm.31cm.XXcm.24cm.25cm.26cm.
    Forearm Relax Left 14cm.19cm.20cm.16cm.26cm.23cm.19cm.21cm.23cm.
    Forearm Relax Right14cm.20cm.20cm.16cm.26cm.23cm.19cm.21cm.23cm.
    Wrist Left9cm.13cm.15cm.13cm.18cm.15cm.15cm.15cm.15cm.
    Wrist Right9cm.13cm.15cm.13cm.18cm.15cm.15cm.15cm.15cm.
    Chest84cm.82cm.96cm.86cm.79cm.86cm.85cm.78cm.86cm.
    Waist 70cm.68cm.69cm.66cm.82cm.68cm.74cm.70cm.78cm.
    Hip 86cm.88cm.95cm.102cm.107cm.86cm.87cm.91cm.57cm.
    Thigh Relax Left 46cm.42cm.49cm.48cm.62cm.47cm.51cm.52cm.58cm.
    Thigh Relax Right 46cm.43cm.49cm.48cm.61cm.47cm.51cm.52cm.58
    Knee Left 33cm.31cm.36cm.34cm.42cm.34cm.34cm.34cm.35cm.
    Knee Right 33cm.31cm.36cm.34cm.42cm.33cm.34cm.43cm.35cm.
    Calf Relax Left 31cm.31cm.24cm.34cm.40cm.32cm.30cm.32cm.31cm.
    Calf Relax Right 31cm.32cm.24cm.34cm.40cm.32cm.30cm.32cm.31cm.
    Ankle Left 20cm.18cm.23cm.19cm.20cm.20cm.19cm.22cm.21cm.
    Ankle Right 20cm.19cm.23cm.19cm.20cm.20cm.19cm.22cm.21cm.
    Body Height 161cm.159cm.175cm.164cm.168cm.161cm.166cm.166cm.XXcm.
    Weight 49kg.XXkg.60kg.53.5kg.79kg.49kg.52kg.54kgXXkg

    Males

    Body PartMaleMaleMaleMaleMale
    NeckXXcm.cm.31cm.36cm.39cm.
    Upper Arm Relax Left38cm.36cm.28cm.28cm.34cm.
    Upper Arm Relax Right38cm.33cm.28cm.28cm.34cm.
    Forearm Relax Left30cm.28cm.25cm.25cm.28cm.
    Forearm Relax Right30cm.25cm.25cm.28cm.28cm.
    Wrist Left18cm.18cm.13cm.18cm.18cm.
    Wrist Right18cm.18cm.13cm.18cm.18cm.
    Chest94cm.91cm.81cm.94cm.94cm.
    Waist89cm.91cm.71cm.81cm.102cm.
    Hip91cm.97cm.69cm.94cm.114cm.
    Thigh Relax Left86cm.56cm.48cm.51cm.51cm.
    Thigh Relax Right84cm.53cm.48cm.53cm.53cm.
    Knee Left41cm.38cm.30cm.36cm.41cm.
    Knee Right41cm.40cm.30cm.36cm.43cm.
    Calf Relax Left41cm.38cm.33cm.38cm.41cm.
    Calf Relax Right41cm.40cm.33cm.38cm.43cm.
    Ankle Left30cm.25cm.20cm.30cm.25cm.
    Ankle Right30cm.28cm.20cm.30cm.25cm.
    Body Height170cm.cm.176cm.170cm.175cm.
    Body Weight83kg.71kg.61kg.67kg.84kg.

    Analyze
    Homework 1: Body Circumference Measurements Next to the Skin

  • 1. Use the class data to determine the range for the female body circumference measurements and male body circumference measurements.
  • 2. Infer a relationship between female and male body circumferences supported by the calculated female and male ranges.
  • 3. Use the class data to calculate the mean for the each female body circumference measurements and each male body circumference measurements.
  • 4. Use the means to compare female body circumference to male body circumference.
  • 5. Categorize the calculated mean body circumference measurements for females and males in a double stem-and-leaf plot.
  • 6. Propose a conclusion supported by the data in the stem-and-leaf plot.

    Body Circumference Homework 2

    Perform the circumference measurements on a minimum of three (3) other people. Document the data in Body Circumference Homework 2.

    Please e-mail me this document to [email protected]

    Standards
    NYSED, Learning Standards for Mathematics, Science and Technology
    NYCED, Performance Standards for Science
    NYCED, Performance Standards for Mathematics
    The Core Curriculum Living Environment
    Physical and Health Education

    NYSED, Learning Standards for Mathematics, Science and Technology

    Standard 1:

  • Students will use mathematical analysis and scientific inquiry to pose questions, seek answers and develop solutions.

    • Standard 2:

  • Students will access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.

    • Standard 3:

  • Students will use data analysis to communicate and reason mathematically.

    • Standard 4:

  • Students will apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the living environmentThe Core Curriculum Living Environment.

    • The Core Curriculum LIving Environment

    Standard 1 Inquiry - Key Idea 1 - Performance Indicator 1.3

    Major Understanding

  • Scientific explanations are accepted when they are consistent with experimental and observational evidence and when they make accurate predictions

    • NYCED, Performance Standards for Science

    S5 Scientific Thinking:

  • S5e Identifies problems: proposes and implements solutions; and evaluates the accuracy of data collection

  • S5f Works individually and in teams to collect and share information and ideas

    • S6 Scientific Tools and Technologies:

  • S6b Records and stores data using a varity of formats

  • S6c Collects and analyses data using concepts and techniques in Mathematics Standard 4

  • S6e Recognizes and limits sources of bias in data

    • S7 Scientific Communication:

  • S7b Argues from evidence

  • S7d Explains a scientific concept or procedure to other students

  • S7e Communicates in a form suited to the purpose and audience

    • S8 Scientific Investigation:

  • S8 Demonstrates scientific competence by completing a controlled experiment

    • NYCED, Performance Standards for Mathematics

    M1 Number and Operation Concepts:

  • M1a Use addition and division

    • M7 Mathematical Communication:

  • M7a Be familiar with basic mathematical terminology; median, range

  • M7c Organize work and present mathematical procedures and results correctly

  • M7f Explain mathematical concepts clearly enough to be of assistance to those who may be having difficulty

    • M8 Putting Mathematics to Work:

  • M8a Data Study

    • Physical and Health Education

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