Climate


Pakistan offers great variety in its climate, from cool mountain pastures beside the glaciers, through windy plateaux, to warm river valleys and burning deserts. Arriving at Karachi, Islamabad or Lahore the first impression is of tree-lined streets and well-watered gardens. But only the central strip of Pakistan, from Lahore to the mountain slopes north of Islamabad, is favoured with refreshing natural rain and moderate temperatures most of Pakistan's

Agricultural land is the result of extensive irrigation.Central Pakistan is blessed by the annual monsoon which blows in across the northern Punjab from India, causing sudden summer downpours from July to September, and dropping 500 millimetres (19.5 inches) of rain a year. The monsoon usually reaches Islamabad about a week after arriving in Delhi. Occasionally, rain comes to this area from the west in winter. The rest of the country, the north, west and south, are deserts dependent on irrigation from the five great rivers, the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. Over three-quarters of Pakistan receives less than 250 millimetres (9.8 inches) of rain annually and a quarter of that area less than 120 millimetres (4.7 inches) a year.

June end duly are the hottest months, with' midday temperatures over 40 degrees Celsius (over 100 degrees Fahrenheit) in most places. In upper Sindh and neighbouring Balochistan, the temperature occasionally goes into the 50s° Celsius (over 122° Fahrenheit).

Naturally, it is cooler at higher altitudes, especially in the mountain valleys of Swat and Kaghan, and around Murree where there is rain, but it can get very hot in summer along the dry northern valleys of the Indus and Gilgit rivers, where the heat radiates off the bare mountains. Above 2,000 metres (6,500 feet), temperatures are usually pleasant during the day and cool at night.

December, January and February are the coldest months. At this time Sindh, southern Punjab and the lower areas of Balochistan are cool, with daytime temperatures of 10-25 degrees Celsius (50-77 degrees Fahrenheit). Islamabad in winter is crisp during the day and cold at night. Above 1,500 metres (5,000 feet), days are cold and nights are very cold.



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