• A network model in which all computers can function as clients or servers as needed and there’s no centralized control over network resources.

• Is a simple, inexpensive network that typically connects fewer than 10 computers.

• All computers in the network have equal capabilities to use the resources (hardware, software, data and files) available on the network.

• With peer-to-peer network, there is no server.

• Network in which one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers (clients) on the network request services from the server.

• Server:

– Provide services to client.

– Controls access to resources on the network.

– Provides a centralized storage for program.

Note: Server can be a mainframe computer used in a network environment.

• Client:

– Requests services from a server computer. Also called as a workstation.

• Less start-up cost to setup the network architecture. – No need for a server.

• Easy to setup. – An operating system (OS) such as Windows XP already in place may only need to be reconfigured for peer-to-peer operations.

• Centralized. – Resources and data security are controlled through the server.

• Scalability. – Any or all elements can be replaced individually as needs increase.

• Flexibility. – New technology can be easily integrated into system.

• Interoperability. – All the components (client/network/server) work together.

• Accessibility. – Server can be accessed remotely and across multiple platforms.

• Decentralized. – No central repository for files and applications.

• Less security – Does not provide the security available on a client-server network.

• Lack of security controls.

• Expense. – Requires initial investment in dedicated server.

• Maintenance. – Large networks will require a staff to ensure efficient operation.

• Dependence. – When server goes down, operation will cease across the network.

• Distributed among many desktop/client computers; makes access to resources more complex.

• Centralized on one or more servers; streamlines access to resources.

Users control their own shared resources and might have several sets of ID to access resources.

• Security is managed centrally and users have a single sets of ID for all shared resources.

• Desktop OS not tuned for resources sharing.

• Server OS tuned for resources sharing.

Initial costs lower

• Higher upfront costs because of dedicated hardware server OS and on-going costs for administrative support.