donna haraway - a cyborg manifesto - we will all be cyborg in the future
joseph weizenbaum - kurs auf den technical eisberg
hubert dreyfus : mind over machine.
DREYFUS H L and DREYFUS S E (1986) Mind over Machine:
the power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer Oxford; Basil Blackwell
What Computers Still Can't Do (1994) - A Critique of Artificial Reason
by Hubert L Dreyfus
MIT Press , paper , 409 pages Due/Published: February 1994
comment on - mind over machine - : it represents an interesting and highly challenging account of the limitations of computer capabilities in the areas of cognition and artificial reasoning, written by two well-known critics of the artificial intelligence field.
it will take many years, yet, before we have computer power
on the level of the human being, and the human expert probably never will be reach.
about hubert dreyfus
human skill - from novice to expert :
1. Novice. Operates by consciously-learnt context-free rules. Lacks any sense of the overall task.
2. Advanced beginner. Uses more sphisticated rules, which refer to situational elements as well as context-free ones. These situational elements are features such as the pattern of behviour which distinguishes a drunken from a sober driver. They're learnt by experience, and the advanced beginner can't formalise them.
3. Competent. Has now learnt to recognise many many context-free and situational elements. Still lacks any sense of their overall importance to the task, and rapidly becomes overwhelmed. Tries to overcome this by hierarchical goal-based planning. This hierarchical decomposition of the task means that, at any time, the competent pays attention only to that small number of features relevant to a particular subgoal, thus avoiding being overwhelmed.
4. Proficient. Most of the time, now performs his task intuitively, without analytical thought. But this deep involvement in the task will be broken when certain elements present themselves as particularly important. The proficient then stops and thinks analytically about what to do next.
5. Expert. Performs his task intuitively, almost all the time. Occasionally has to stop and deliberate, but this involves critical reflection on his intuitions, rather than goal-based planning.
article : From Socrates to Expert Systems - The Limits and Dangers of Calculative Rationality
bill joy - new digital technic ought to b regulated by ethical rules
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