Guidelines

• Verb ser is the auxiliary verb in the passive voice;

• Verb ser is conjugated in the same tense as the main verb in the active voice;

• The main verb always turns into its participle in the passive voice;

• Intransitive verbs aren't used in the passive voice;

• Verbs in the imperative aren't used in the passive voice;

• Preposition por comes before the passive agent (agente da passiva);

• Preposition por combines with the article that sometimes accompanies the noun:

por + o = pelo

por + a = pela

por + os = pelos

por + a = pelas

• Participle of regular verbs:

1st conjugation - verbs drop the ar ending and add ado:

comprar - comprado

2nd conjugation - verbs drop the er ending and add ido:

vender - vendido

3rd conjugation - verbs drop the ir ending and add ido:

ferir - ferido

• Consult a dictionary for participles of irregular verbs.

• Regular and irregular participles must agree in gender and number with the subject of the passive sentence. The possible participle endings are:

Examples

Although you can't predict irregular participles, there's something you know for sure: all of them end in vowels, so you can agree them with the subject, e.g: verb pôr - participle posto