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Rebel Kings
Nebuchadrezzar III (Nabu-Kudduri-Usur) (522)-His real name was Nidintu-Bel, but he claimed to be Nebuchadrezzar, the son of Nabonidus. He was able to seize the throne and rule over a rebellious Babylon from October to December. Darius routed his army on the Tigris and he was executed.
Nebuchadrezzar IV (Nabu-Kudduri-Usur) (521)-His real name was Arakha. He was an Urartian who also claimed to be Nebuchadrezzar, the son of Nabonidus. He reigned from August to November. His army was defeated and he and his nobility were impaled in Babylon.
Bel-Shimanni (482)-A rebel who was recognized as king by Babylon in August.
Shamash-Eriba (482)-A rebel who was recognized as king by Babylon in September. The revolt was brutally put down by Megabysus, the brother-in-law of Xerxes. The rebels were tortured and executed, the walls torn down and the statue of Marduk carried away.
The revolution of 482 marked the end of Babylonian aspirations of independence.
Babylon was deserted c.200 AD. The fall of the Sassanians by c.640 AD meant the abandonment of the upkeep of southern Mesopotamia, consequently the few remaining ancient cities were abandoned. Assyria, repopulated and rebuilt during the Hellenistic and Parthian Periods, was destroyed during four centuries of warfare between Rome/Byzantium and Persia. Ashur was destroyed for the last time in 256 AD.
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