1. Offspring are not identical to parents.
2. Variation increases.
3. Hermaphoditism: one individual male or female; in other word, combination between male and female)
4. Parthenogenesis: unfertilized egg can develop; example: ants and bees.
1. Binary fission: Example Bacteria; cells split.
2. Badding
3. Fragmentation
4. Regeneration
1. External: (eggs) sperms released into aquatic environment; example fish and frog.
- Oviparity: development fo embryo occurs externally.
2. Internal: sperms are deposited into female reproductive tract as close to egg as possible.
- Viviparity: Young develop in uterus
- Fertilization: fusing of two haploid gametes.
