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Bosch CIS is a fully mechanical fuel injection system. When it debuted in the mid seventies, Bosch already had an electronic fuel injection system, but their mechanical system (K-Jet) proved to be superior in many ways. Reliability, performance, efficiency, durability are all attributes of Bosch CIS. CIS is an acronym for continuous injection system, which means that the fuel injectors are continuously injecting fuel into the cylinder head. The alternative is electronic fuel injection, where the injectors are timed with the crankshaft and fuel is squirted, via the injectors, on the intake stroke.
Another form of fuel injection is TBI (throttle body injection). It is a very cheap form of mechanical fuel injection, commonly found on late 80's, and early 90's General Motors and Ford engines. (has nothing to do with Bosch!) It is basically a carburetor with a hole drilled on the side and a fuel injector stuffed in it. It is archaic, pathetic and worthless, which is all I expect from an American car.
Bosch CIS quickly became very popular among many auto manufacturers. Volkswagen, Audi, Mercedes, Saab, Volvo, Mazda, Toyota, Nissan and BMW all have used it as there fuel injection system.
This site primarily deals with Bosch CIS applications on Volkswagen engines. What is great about Bosch CIS is it's compatibility with other auto manufacturers, most parts anyway.