Ending the Silence

Click on any of the areas listed below to visit those pages. Thank you.

* HOME
* MESSAGE BOARD
* HISTORY
* WICCAN LAWS
* TERMS (DICTIONARY)
* LINKS
* TRIPLE GODDESS & GOD
* SABBATS (HOLY DAYS)
* CELTIC TREE ASTROLOGY
* POWERS OF THE MOON
* ELEMENTS & QUARTERS
* SPIRITS, ALLIES, & FAMILARS
* SACRED SPACE & RITUAL TOOLS
* BOOK OF RITUALS
* BOOK OF SHADOWS (SPELLS)
* BOOKS/RESOURCES
* GODS & GODDESSES OF MYTHOLOGY
* HERB MAGICK
* GEM MAGICK
* SUPERSTITIONS
* FAIRIES
* ART WITH WORDS
* DRAGONPOET'S POETRY
* CREATURES OF MYTH & FANTASY

Featured Artist:

Lora Craig-Gadd

Click on the image to view her site and learn more about the artist.

Like to be the featured artist on this page with a link back to your pages, then please send the imformation to dragonpoet and I will add you here. The artwork must be pagan based or displaying some aspect of paganism from Goddesses ro Gods or more. In the future I plan on adding an archive for past featured artist, so that the links will remain.

I would also like to add a featured website, so if you are interested in having your pagan/wicca based website featured here then please email me at dragonpoet.

Celtic Tree Astrology

Birch- December 24 - January 20

Rowan-January 21st to February 17th

Ash-Feb 18th to March 17

Alder-March 18 to April 14

Willow- April 15-May 12

Hawthorn-May 13 to June 9

"The fair maid who, the first of May,
Goes to the fields at break of day
And washes in dew from the hawthorn tree,
Will ever after handsome be."

Oak-June 10th to July 7th

Holly- July 8 to August 4

Hazel (Chestnut)- August 5 to Sept 1

Vine- September 2 to September 29

Ivy- September 30 - October 27

Reed- October 28th - November 24th

Elder- November 25 - December 22

Names: BETH, Birch,  Beath, Bethi, Bedw, Beithe, Bedwen, Beithi, Betula pendula
Celtic Symbol : The White Stag
Zodiac Degrees : 2�00` - 29�59` Capricorn
Ruling Planet : The Sun - Sul
Ancient Gods Associated With The Sun :
Greek : Helios, Apollo ( Alson Known As Phoebus), Cynthius And Pytheus
Celtic : Hu, Beli, Taliesin, Arthur
Full Moon: Birch Moon; Moon of Inception, Moon of Beginning
Magickal Properties include Protection of children; purification; creativity 
Tarot Key: The Magician

The birch is the tree of inception, representing birth, initiation, discipline and sacrifice. The time is ruled by the force of wild, un-tamed nature, and is reflected in the unconscious (inner) self and the rebirth of the Sun from winter's solstice.  This is the first tree that takes away  the decay of  the mysterious elder.  Both the Birch and the Elder stand on either sides of The One Nameless Day.   They both represent a link between life and death, with the Birch being the beginning of all things.  It is also associated with the training of Druids, the birth of new life and is both energetic and spontaneous.Children's cradles were made of Birch. Axe handles were also made from Birch. On the Isle of Man, off the west coast of Scotland, criminals were 'birched' to purify them and to drive out evil influences.

The silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is the most common tree birch in much of Europe. It grows up to 30 m (100 feet) high, but is more often found in spreading clumps on sandy soils. It is one of the first trees to colonize an area after a mature forest is cut; this is probably a large part of its symbolic connection with new beginnings. It is cultivated in North America, often under the name of weeping birch.

Its symbols are the horned animals, especially goats and stags. Connected to pentagrams and mountains. The Magician tarot card. Symbolized by Cernunnos - the horned one, said to be the Soul of Lugh, and the Dagda - Celtic Earth god. Archetypically related to other horned gods such as Pan, the Hircocervus (sacred Goat-Stag), the Egyptian horned god Asar (Osiris), and Shiva who is lord of the animals.

Birch trees have been long associated with fertility and healing magic, and the twigs were used to bestow fertility on cattle and newlyweds. Birch is most useful for fertility and healing spells. The birch has a multitude of uses: it yields a sap similar to maple syrup; its bark can be used as flour and also make birch beer; and birch tea is said to ease rheumatism and gout. The inner bark provides a pain reliever while the leaves can be used to treat arthritis.

There are two distinct types of birch tree people, and this division relates to all tree signs. The new moon character is associated with the first two weeks of a sign and the full moon character with the last two weeks - throughout the signs. The new moon character has a more impulsive and emotional nature, but is inclined to be subjective or introverted. Their positive traits of character are shown by their resolve or faith in themselves in overcoming all obstacles. New moon people born under the birch tree sign are therefore more tenacious in pursuing their objectives in life. The full moon character has a clarity of purpose combined with a visionary nature and is inclined to be more objective or extroverted. Their negative traits, however, hinge around a lack of reality that clouds their judgment. According to druidic belief, the birch tree represented the seed potential of all growth, therefore, astrologically birch tree people have great personal potential, like the Celtic deity Taliesin, which nevertheless requires great persistence in overcoming personal setbacks.

Birch people like the tree are graceful, slender and uplifting to others, who have a cleanliness in their attitude and purity in their expressions of their spirituality. They also are vivacious, attractive, elegant, friendly, unpretentious, modest, do not like anything in excess, abhor the vulgar, loves life in nature and in calm, not very passionate, full of imagination, little ambition, create a calm and content atmosphere.

New beginnings, higher level, self sacrifice, devotion. The Birch is the first tree of the Ogham, perhaps because it is one of new beginnings. When you commence any spiritual work, that very moment you form an idea, the beginning, is very important. It is a chance to realize our intentions, and consider the magic about to come.

Luis or Rowan (LWEESH)
Latin:Sorbus aucuparia
Associated with The Fire Festival of Brigantia
Celtic Symbol : The Green Dragon
Other symbol: Duck
Zodiac Degrees : 0�00` - 27�59` Aquarius
Ruling Planet : Uranus - Brigantia
Other names: caorthann, cerdinen, criafol
Ancient Gods Associated With Uranus : Greek : Chaos, Aether And Hemera, Uranus Celtic : Brigantia, Brigid
Moon info: Masculine, Moon of Vision, Spirit Moon, Astral Travel Moon
Magickal Properties: Healing, personal empowerment, divination
Tarot Key: The Chariot

The month of Luis begins on January 21st and ends on February 17th. This month is connected to the expansion of self, and its symbols are horses and the sea. Mannanan Mac Lyr, like Poseidon (the Roman Neptune), possessed a magic boat. Lunar deities such as Chandra (Hindu) and Khons (Egyptian) also travel across the Ocean of Night in their magic chariots.

The Rowan tree was believed to be magical tree which grew red berries that were the food of the gods.  These berries were so sacred that it was believed that the Gods guarded them jealously and kept them from man.  The Druids believed that the Creator, Celi who was an invisible god, manifested in nature including the restless elements such as lightning, which was also associated with Dragons.  Dragons are associated with new life and thus this period of time is also associated with the coming of  new life out of the dark winter.

The rowan, or mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) thrives in poor soils and can colonize well in disturbed areas. In some parts of Europe, rowans are most commonly found around ancient settlements, either because of their weedy nature or because they were planted. Rowans flower in May. They grow to 50 feet and are members of the rose family (Rosaceae).

The rowan, which presides over the month of December, has a reputation as a protector against enchantment. Rune staves, (sticks upon which runes were enscribed,) were cut from this tree. Rowan wood was also used to divine for metal, as hazel twigs are used for water.

Along with several other trees, the rowan played a central role in Druid ceremonies. Sprigs of rowan were hung over the main door of the house, and often worn to ward off enchantment or "the evil eye." In Wales, rowans were planted in churchyards to watch over the spirits of the dead.

The rowan is the tree of divination, protection, and good luck. It was considered by the Celts to be the "Tree of Life," and magic fires were made from it. The rowan is a good tree to use against psychic attack or bad luck &emdash; whoever uses it is under the protection of the Sidhe (fairy folk). It is better to find rowan twigs than to cut the branches, and if ones does cut them, they should leave something of themselves behind (a lock of hair, fingernails or blood). Rowan bark is used in tanning and dyeing, and its edible berries make an excellent jelly when cooked and sweetened. It is said that the taste of rowan berries can ward off hunger.

Ash people are uncommonly attractive, vivacious, impulsive, demanding, does not care for criticism, ambitious, intelligent, talented, likes to play with its fate, can be egoistic, very reliable and trustworthy, faithful and prudent lover, sometimes brains rule over heart, but takes partnership very serious. Ash tree people have a dual aspect to their character which makes it difficult to decide their true nature and motives. While they have an artistic nature and temperament, and appear highly vulnerable or sensitive, they can suddenly switch tactics and become quite pragmatic. They understand the baser elements of mankind as well as the spiritually profound. Perhaps for that reason alone- people born under this sign have the guiding virtue of compassion. New moon people born during the first two weeks are more impulsive and demonstrative regarding emotional relationships, more apprehensive, but immensely spontaneous.

Ash people are also very ambitious in love and business whatever that may be they wish to be the best.  Full moon people born during the last two weeks are natural exhibitionists who repond with great generosity of spirit, which indicates a certain gullibility or naivet�. This apparent weakness is, however, just the reverse as it denotes a humble spirit - a rare human quality.

Ash - NION (NEE-uhn)- Ash Fraxinus excelsior
Tarot Key: The Hanged Man
Moon: Feminine
Name:Moon of  Waters 
Magick:Prosperity; Protection; Healing 
Symbols : The Trident Or Sea Horse, snake, white hounds, underground rivers, cranes
Zodiac Degrees : 28�00` Aquarius - 25�59` Pisces
Ruling Planet : Neptune - Lir
Ancient Gods Associated With Neptune Greek : Oceanus, Posiedon Celtic : Lir, Manannan
Color: Glass Green
Class: Cheiftain
Letter: N
Meaning: Locked into a chain of events; Feeling bound.

Related to their Irish Gaelic word for Heaven, Nionon, the Ash has special sacred meaning.  The ash can grow to one hundred and thirty feet high and is a major tree of lowland forests in much of Europe, along with oaks and beeches.  The ash stops growing once it has reached 60 years old and its full potential at that time. Ash was, and still is, an important timber tree, and is a traditional material for the handle of a besom. The common ash is occasionally cultivated in North America, and similar native ash species are widely grown as street trees. Ashes are members of the Olive family (Oleaceae).The Ash tree has distinctive black buds and its seeds grow in bunches, each with a long, thin wing. It grows in all climates, but tends to do best in soil that is rich with lime. Its white wood is excellent for burning, and was often used for oars, ax handles, and was said to be a favorite of the Celts when making spears

The month of Nion begins on February 18th and ends on March 17th. It is a time of runes, incantations and music. Its symbols are the Trident Or Sea Horse (Because the Celts believed that they came from the Great Deep or the Undersea land of Tethys the Ash is associated with the sea.), snake, white hounds, cranes, and underground rivers. It represents the "opening of ways", a term for leading the soul into the afterlife. Underworld or sacrificial deities are represented by this tree, one of which being Gwyn, a Welsh god of the Underworld, who had red-eared white hounds and conducted souls to the Underworld. Gwion/Taliesin the Sweet Singer of the Bards, who obtained the knowledge of the Cauldron of Cerridwen, and was able to be reborn after she slew him. In Celtic mythology the ash is known as the tree of enchantment and it is said the Welsh magician Gwydion fashioned his wands from ash wood.  In Greece Orpheus was a sweet singer, whose soothing voice brought comfort to the Underworld. The Hindu Krishna, who enchanted all with his music and peaceful ways, was also slain. Druidic wands were made of ash wood, and the stem of the Sacred Pipe of the Lakota people is also made of ash.

In Celtic cosmology it connects the three circles of existence - Abred, Gwynedd, and Ceugant - which are sometimes interpreted as the past, present and future (or as confusion, balance and creative force.)From descriptive legends and archaeological discoveries, we find that the Celts preferred Ash for making spears. By tradition, the Spear is of even greater magical power, to a Celtic shaman, than the Wand. The spear is a symbol of the Shamans power and will and was used for dealing on a purely personal level.The Ash is seen as spanning both the world as a whole and the world within you.  Man and earthy things are seen as a reflection of the universe being reflected in us.  So the old druid saying, "know yourself and you know the world" is reflected in the Ash.  The Ash shows us how our world of family and friends is linked to the greater world around us.  It teaches that your deeds have far greater impact then just your family or even home town.  When the Ash shows you how to see how you are linked to others and then to the world, it brings enhanced understanding to your problems or specific problems.

The world tree is an ash, or is known as "The Cosmic Ash." It appears in Norse mythology as Yggdrasil (or the tree of Odin.) The ash tree has deeply penetrating roots and tends to sour the soil, which makes it hard for any other plants to grow around it. Its branches are thick and strong - in Norse mythology, it spans the universe, with its roots in the lower world and its branches supporting the heavens.

The ash has healing energy, and is also used as a protection against storms. Ash can be used in spells requiring focus and strength of purpose. Ash leaves were used as a poultice for snake bites, and its wood was used to make baskets and hoops.

Pronunciation: Fearn/Ffearn-pronounced FAIR-n 
Other names: Fernd, Fernn, gwernen [W]
Tarot Key: The Fool
Symbols:The Pentacle, The Hawk(Celtic), Red Fox, Ram, Stallion, Snakes, Butterflies, A strong foundation, The Vernal Equinox (Alban Eilir)
Zodiac Degrees : 26�00` Pisces - 23�59` Aries
Ruling Planet : Mars - Maurth
Ancient Gods Associated With Mars : 
Greek : Ares
Celtic : Bran, Arthur, Airem, Tuetates
ender:Masculine 
Letter: F, V
Class: Cheiftain
Color: Crimson
Full Moon: Moon of Utility;Moon of Efficacy; Moonof Self-Guidance 
Magickal properties:Spirituality; Teaching; Weather magick; Duty; Mental Prowess
Meaning: Help in making choices; spiritual guidance and protection.

Alders are members of the Birch family (Betulaceae) and are very ancient trees that have grown in the British Isles for thousands of years. The common alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner) is common along lowland rivers, where it grows with aspens, poplars, and willows. Like willows, alders sprout from stumps which allows them to regenerate after heavy flooding. In protected sites they may grow to 65 feet tall. Their leaves are more blunt-tipped than most North American alders, which look more like the grey alder (A. incana (L.) Moench). This species is more common in the mountains of Europe, and is not restricted to moist soils. Like ashes, European alders are not widely cultivated in North American (they are often sold as black alders), but several native species are. It is a very thirsty tree and requires a lot of water, much like the willow .

The Alder can be recognized in the forest by it's long trunk and narrow crown and toothy leaves, as well as, by its regularly spaced branches and its conical shape. It's catkin-like fruit ripens in December. The barks produce red and black dyes; the young shoots yellow; the fresh wood pink and the catkins green.

The alder has many hues - the trunks change from white to reddish-yellow after felling. (The similarity to blood led to the tradition that felling alders was unlucky.) The reddish wood is used to make cabinets and in times past warrior's shields were made from alder wood.  The timber from this tree is oily and water-resistant, and is often used for under-water foundations, household foundations and support beams as the oiliness makes it resistant to water damage.  Parts of Venice and many medieval cathedrals were built on alder foundations.

The period of the Vernal Equinox is an extremely important period in the Celtic year. as it represents free will and liberty in a moral context.  It is still considered a crime to cut down a sacred Alder tree and he who does is considered the cause of any trouble in the village.

Gods:
This tree is linked to Bran the blessed. Bran was a mighty warrior of ancient Britain. Legend says that he used his body to span the river Linon, forming a bridge to protect his followers from the flooding waters, as alder wood does when used as a building foundation.  It should also be noted that Bran, while not always the victor, was never seen as completly defeated.  In one battle Bran fights the Ash King on behalf of the Alder King.  Though he loses the battle, he is still recognized as a great warrior.

In Irish myth, Gwydion was the Poet-Magician/Trickster/Thief of the Tuatha de Danaan.

Magick:
The Alder is associated with courage and it represents the evolving spirit. This month represents 'That Which Is and Is Not' and is connected to poetic madness. The Alder protects in disputes helping you to see the real issues from the false. It is also considered to be a help in oracular strengths. Because the Alder was used for turnings and foundations, it is recognized to be linked with the raven as well.  It is also useful in conquering of adversaries or difficulties, finding strength from within.The Celts would often name their weapons and credit them with magical powers. When feeling threatened, either physically and/or mentally, invoke the spirit of Alder.

Alder people can be like the Phoenix rebuilding themselves after each defeat or set back.  They have tendencies to be oracles.  They can be brutal in their frankness yet they are kind.  They cannot only provide protection but may also be in need of protection spiritually because others may envy what they have and try to use it or take it for their own.  They have to be careful not to abuse their gifts. Because Alders take 60 years to mature most

Alder people can be very immature acting and make rash poorly thought-through decisions.

Alder tree characters are powerful individuals who are prepared to make their own way in the world. The path ahead is still full of pitfalls however, and the virtue of courage is attributed to this sign.

Alder tree people make staunch allies, but prefer to fight their own battles and set the pace for others to follow. Their destination is always uncertain and a restless spirit prevails. New moon people, born during the first two weeks of this sign are perhaps the most restless and indecisive alder tree characters. While their personal courage and sincerity may never be in doubt, they would do well to slow down every so often and reconsider the consequences of their actions.

Full moon people who are born during the last two weeks are the most persuasive alder tree characters. They exude a more confident approach to life generally, but can lack the apparent vibrant energy associated with the new moon people. They can, however, become extremely successful people by being strategically placed in the right position tio take full advantage of crisis situations.

Symbolizes: New journeys, Otherworldly contacts, confidence. 
Tarot Key: The Moon
Alternate names: Saile, Sail, Suil, Sahl, helygen
Symbols : The Sea Serpent, Cat or Hare,The Fire Festival Of Beltane, white birds, doves, mist
Zodiac Degrees : 24� 00` Aries - 20� 59` Taurus
Ruling Planet : The Moon -Llun
Ancient Gods Associated With The Moon :Aradia,Artemis, Selene, Isis,Hecate, Sarasvati,Ceridwen, Morrigan, Morgan Le Fay, Dana, Diana, Ceres, Persephone, Hera, Mercury, Belil, Belinus
Polarity: Feminine 
Magick: Romantic Love; Healing; Protection; Fertility; Magick for Women;Water;Emotions
Full Moon names: The Witches'Moon, Moon of Balance

The month of Saille begins on April 15th and ends on May 12th. Its symbols are white birds, especially doves, and mist.  It is a time of springtime enchantments and Moon-magic, as well as intuition and wisdom. Symbolized by Arianrhod (literally "Silver Wheel") who conceives Lugh, the Sun god, through magic.

Since the Willow makes its home around swamps, streams and other watery areas she is associated with the moon which governs water. She is also representative of the female and earthly cycles, the rhythms and the ebb and flow of the earth's waters. Because of her lunar connections she brings an ability to see through dreams and give night visions.

The willow, considered a tree of enchantment, symbolizes the subconscious, intuition, and is good for psychic work.In ancient times this tree was associated with death.  In Northern Europe, the words witch and wicked are derived from the name of the Willow. In Celtic mythology it is associated with the creation myth of two scarlet sea serpent eggs which contained the Sun and the Earth.  These eggs were hidden  in the boughs of the Willow tree until they hatched, thus bringing forth earthly life.

Like North America, Europe is home to a large number of willow species. Two common tree willows are the white willow (Salix alba L.) and the crack willow (Salix fragilis L.). The white willow is named for the whitish undersides of its leaves, and the crack willow for the propensity of its branches to "crack" off (probably another adaptation to flooding). Both species grow along with poplars and alders along lowland rivers. They can reach 25 m (80 feet) in height, and they both vigorously sprout from stumps. Other willow species are shrubs, including osiers (Salix purpurea L. and Salix viminalis L.) that grow along streams and eared willows (S. aurita L.) of acidic, boggy soils. The white willow and purple osier are sometimes grown in cultivation in North America. Willows are members of the Willow family (Salicaceae).

The Willow is an imposing tree, with a thick trunk covered by dark gray, heavily ridged barkHer catkins, which appear in early spring before her leaves, attract bees to start the cycle of pollination. The Willow is a deciduous tree planted for the foliage, shade and screens. It is also used extensively in basket making. Its spreading branches create a very full shape, and its leaves are long and slender and covered with silver hairs that give the whole tree a shimmering appearance.

The Willow is thought to offer protection against "damp diseases" and has been used for many medicinal purposes dealing with dampness. The bark of the Willow contains salicylic acid (the main ingredient in aspirin), and can be made into a pain-relieving tea (note: do not give to felines). Native Americans used for diarrhea, to staunch bleeding, & for dandruff. It may also be taken as a bitter tonic in small doses before meals, to hasten convalescence from acute diseases. Experimentally, it has been shown to delay cataract formation & risk of heart disease in males. It is an alterative, anodyne, febrifuge, astringent, anti-periodic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiseptic, tonic, & vermifuge. Used for chronic dysentery, cancerous sores, & dressing wounds, & smallpox ulcers, fevers,  chills, ague, pain, inflammations, ulcers, menstrual cramps, bursitis, tendonitis, back pain, neuralgia, headaches, gout, & rheumatic ailments, arthritic joints, muscular pain, worms, gonorrhea, dyspepsia, dysentery, chronic diarrhea & edema. Wash is used for corns, cuts, poison-ivy rash.

Willow people are beautiful but full of melancholy, attractive, very empathic, loves anything beautiful and tasteful, loves to travel, dreamer, restless, capricious, honest, can be influenced but is not easy to live with, demanding, good intuition, suffers in love but finds sometimes an anchoring partner.

Willow tree characters are difficult people to get to know in any depth or detail, for people born under this sign touch upon all the mysterious aspects of nature associated with the moon. Their psychic antennae are switched on, so that they have recall to the remotest regions of memory. The positive aspects of character generally are shown in their passive tenacity and shrewdness. People born during the first two weeks of the lunar month are more inclined to sudden mood changes, which encourage some unreliable traits of character. The positive aspects are shown by their receptiveness to change in being quick to take advantage of the opportunities presented. People born in the last two weeks are inclined to disregard advice and their own reasoning powers can lack credibility. The positive aspects are demonstrated by their resourcefulness and excellent memories.

Latin name for Oak:Quercus robur
Celtic Symbols:The White Horse, The Golden Wheel 
Flower:Rose
Animals:Eagle, Lion
Planet: Jupiter  (Jovyn) 
Tarot Key: The Sun
Summer Solstice
Dieties:The Dagda (The Chief of the Elder Irish gods),  Zeus, Lugh, Apollo, Horus, Jupiter, Herne, Hercules, Wodin, Thor, the Lithuanian God Perkunas, and all other Thunder Gods
Number: 3
Polarity: Masculine
Color: Black and Dark Brown
Class: Chieftain
Letter: D
Gem stone:  Ruby
Meaning: Security; Strength
Work for this moon: all positive purposes;strength; security; magick for men; fidelity 
Zodiac Degrees : 18�00` Gemini - 14�59` Cancer
Ogham name for Oak, Arddam Dossa, is translated as "highest or most exalted of trees." Irish churches used to be called dair-thech ("oak house") - an old druidic name for the Sacred Grove.  Our modern English word "door," comes from the Gaelic word 'duir' - the word for solidity, protection.

There are over 200 varieties of Oaks and they can be found in both deciduous varieties and evergreen. Evergreen varieties are found mainly in the southeastern part of the United States. The Oak tree can be found in colors ranging from red to white and dark brown in wood color.

The oak is one of the longest living trees in the forest, often living for seventy to eighty years, even after being struck by lightning. Like the Ash, is said to count the lightings' flash and will continue to grow even after a lightenig strike.Oaks can grow to be 50 to 150 feet tall & can live over 1000 years but most oaks are mature at 200 years old.

Acorns are the fruit of the oak and are said to be man's first food. Flour can also be made from roasted and ground acorns.  Acorns were also formerly used to feed pigs. Acorns can be used to make a powerful antiseptic, and the juice from crushed oak leaves can be applied directly to wounds for the same purpose. A gargle made from the inner bark is useful to relieve sore throats and a decoction of the outer bark can help relieve severe fever symptoms.

The principal sacred tree of the Druids, the Oak Trees symbolized the turning of the year and is considered the king of the forest. The Oak has been considered sacred by just about every culture that has encountered the tree, but the Norse and Celts held it in particular esteem because of its size, longevity, and nutritious acorns. The Greeks, the Romans, the Germanic cultures, Anglo-Saxons and some northern European cultures all revered the oak

Oak groves were sacred to the druids. During this time of year the Druids would carve a circle in to the tree for protection against lightning. The Druids and Priestesses listened to the rustling oak leaves and the wrens in the trees for divinatory messages. The midsummer fire was traditionally kindled with an Oak log.

The Oak represents power, protection, strength, endurance, triumph, dominion, prosperity, sacrifice, guardian, liberator, success and stability. The Oak represents the trial we all go through in life while changing and becoming that whom we are meant to be we must also consider the greater good and moral responsibilities.   It represents the soul, which in Celtic terms is the "eye of god."  Change, sacrifice,  and understanding.   It  is a time when the sun starts his movement into darkness and is sacrificed to darkness as the earth begins to move back into winter.

Burning oak leaves purifies the atmosphere. It can be used in spells for protection, strength, success and stability; the different varieties will lend their own special 'flavor' to the magic.

Acorns gathered at night held the greatest fertility powers. Oak galls, known as Serpent Eggs, were used in magical charms.

The oak tree has always protected our ancestors, by providing wood for the building of ships, and as boundaries between one area and another. Ovates Bards and Druids preached under their branches, gaining strength from their strength.Besides providing strong timber for building, the oak's bark produces tannin, which was used extensively in the leather industry for tanning raw hides. Oak is used for a variety of other things, as well, depending on size and quality: sawn timber, veneer, building timber, hardwood pulp, poles, fencing, firewood and charcoal, coppicing of woodland used to produce stakes.

Oak people are robust, courageous, strong, unrelenting, independent, sensible, do not love changes, they keep their feet on the ground, and are people of action.Their greatest personal asset is a sense of optimism and the ability to speak the truth no matter what the consequences may be. A lack of discretion can, however, be their weak point.  Even when faced with over riding stressors, the oak person comes out on top better and stronger and more grounded than before. Instead of bending under stress and hurts, Oak people adapt and grow until they overcome the hurts, pains or stressors.

People born during the first two weeks come under the new moon phase and they are inclined to take financial risks and make personal commitments which cannot be easily consolidated. The positive aspects of character are shown with their natural powers of leadership and the ability to rise above the human vice of greed or avarice. There is an element of self- sacrifice operating within both the lunar phases or divisions of the sign, but people born during the last two weeks of the full moon phase are less inclined to make financial losses. People born during the new moon are generally more flamboyant characters and rather glory- seeking individuals. Their positive aspects are shown in their generosity of spirit, an instinctive sense of survival and creative skills.

Latin Name(Crataegus oxyacantha)
Celtic Symbol : The Chalice
Color: Purple
Zodiac Degrees : 21�00` Taurus - 17�59 Gemini
Letter: H
Class: Peasant
Ruling Planet : Vulcan - Govannan
Ancient Gods associated with Vulcan
Greek : Vulcan Or Hephaestus
Celtic : Govannan Or Goibniu
Goddess associations: Cardea and the legends of Cu Chulainn. 
Magickal associations: Fertility, defense (use the thorns), peace, prosperity, binding cleansing & enforced chastity,  restraint, male potency, hindrance, bringing protection from the inner magical realms. Hawthorn can be used for protection, love and marriage spells.

According to the Ogham calendar, May, the month of the female Hawthorn, leads up to the fertile Oak month following on from Mayday, or Beltane. The Hawthorn is a small tree that grows with a dense, many branched and twisted habit. Hawthorn usually doesn't grow much bigger than a shrub, and is popular in England as a hedge plant due to its impenetrable growth and has even been used to pen livestock. The origin of the name Hawthorn comes from the Anglo-Saxon 'haegthorn', meaning hedge-thorn. Hawthorn has a light, hard, apple-like wood that provides the hottest fire known when it is burned. It is a deciduous tree dense leafed and thorny with short trunk. New shoots and leaves are reddish. It has a distinctive white blossom with strong scent in May and red berries (haws) later in the season. Height 10 - 15 m. It is long lived - 250 years.It may also be noted that its leaves and blossoms are used to create a tea to aid with anxiety, appetite loss and poor circulation.  Its juice can be used in the treatment of asthma, rheumatism, arthritis, and laryngitis.

Other common names are Whitethorn and May. Whitethorn originates from the contrast of her smooth gray bark with the powdery black bark of the Blackthorn. The name May comes from the time that the tree flowers and because the blossom is used to form garlands on houses and maypoles for Mayday. The custom of gathering Hawthorn blossoms was known has "Going a Maying.  It is also the tree used at marriages for it reflects the union of the forces of nature.

The Greeks and Romans saw the hawthorn as symbolic of hope and marriage, but in Europe it was associated with witchcraft and considered to be unlucky. It was thought that sleeping in a house with hawthorn blossoms would cause great misfortune. This seeming contradiction is to be expected from a tree with such beautiful blossoms and such deadly-looking thorns. It is a generally unlucky tree and its name, translated from the Irish Brehon Laws, had the meaning "harm".

The Hawthorn blossom, for many men, has the strong scent of female sexuality and was used by the Turks as an erotic symbol. The monks of Glastonbury perpetuated it and sanctified it with an approving tale that the staff of Joseph and the Crown of thorns were made of Hawthorn.

Hawthorn blossoms have potently erotic perfume and were thought to enrich fertility. In Celtic times most divorces took place at Beltane, the beginning of light half of the year when the hawthorn is a mass of blossoms and new leaves. In many cultures, the month of the Hawthorn (May) is a month of bad luck for marriages. However, to destroy a Hawthorn was to incur great peril to the person responsible.

The Hawthorn tree is embodied in the character of the chief giant Yspaddaden in a Welsh romance of Kulhwch and Olwen.  A guardian figure who tries to protect the virginity of Olwen.  He is felled and the blooms of summer soon open, thus symbolizing the advance of summer defeating winter at last.   It is associated with Govanna (Vulcan) a smith god that is the custodian of the celestial fire and higher powers of the mind.  Thus it is symbolize as the Chalice as it too represents divine secrets and everlasting life.

Hawthorn tree people are full of innovations and new ideas. They tend to be very beautiful in youth. People born under this sign are multi - talented and adapt easily to any changes in their lives. They have personal qualities akin to the Celtic bards and druids of old, often excelling in the performing arts and naturally drawn to spheres of influence. They can be tough to work with because they demand total business attitudes and so do not joke around but attend only to the business at hand. They can be shrewd business people. They are very dependable and stable Generally, their great strength is knowing the weaknesses of their adversaries or any opposing forces, but they are not ruthless people, merely clever strategists. They are protective of all they consider to be family.

People born during the first two weeks of the lunar month are more impulsive and have a more sensual nature. Their positive traits are, however, extremely consolidating once they have decided upon their course of action. People born in the last two weeks have a distinctly different approach to all things, and are much more difficult to pin down regarding personal relationships or commitments of any kind. Their positive traits are linked to a wider vision that opens the locked doors of the mind.

Hazel tree individuals are perceptive, clever people endowed with good reasoning powers. This sharpness of intellect promotes excellent debaters and writers. Hazel people have the soul of a pioneer, but they waste too much energy on competitive thoughts and in fighting abuses instead of letting their own gifts and skills ripen. They are also great planners and organizers, down to the smallest detail. The urge to acquire knowledge promotes scholars and experts in their fields. Hazel people can be too impatient and hurry things when they should sit back and let things take their own course. They find it hard to learn the value of old teachings and things. Don't miss something special by ignoring those things that have withstood the test of time. They are sometimes too intent on running around trying everything "new" that they forget the older values that would help them. When Hazel people listen to their own natural rhythms, they find they are happier and more prepared spiritually and physically.

People born during the first two weeks are associated with the new moon impulse of seeking knowledge and denotes an inquisitive nature which can become prying or underhand. But the positive aspects endorse a more impartial response. People born during the last two weeks come under the full moon phase which denotes a more outgoing nature and temperament. They are also inclined to become public figures who seek to educate or instruct people in the arts. Their positive traits are shown in their regard for honesty and they have well - defined principles. The negative traits are revealed in their hypercritical attitudes which stem from an inbuilt hypersensitivity.

Botanical Name: Corylus avellana
Symbols: The Rainbow Salmon 
Zodiac Degrees : 12�00` Leo - 8�59` Virgo
Alternate names: 
Old English h�sel; Old and Modern Irish Gaelic coll; Scottish Gaelic calltunn, calltuinn,Manx coull; Welsh collen; Cornish collwedhen; Breton krao�k-levezenn 
Tarot Key: The Hermit
Ruling Planet : Mercury - Mugher
Ancient Gods Associated With Mercury :
Greek : Hermes
Celtic : Ogma, Manannan
Other:the White Goddess and Macoll. 
Moon: Moon of the Wise; Crone Moon 
Polarity: Feminine
Magick: Manifestiation; Spirit Contact; Protection; Fertility 
Color: Brown
Class: Chieftain
Letter: C, K
Meaning: Creative energies for work or projects.

The hazel is a pioneering plant because it was often used to prepare the ground for the plants that would come after it, often in soils that were unable to grow anything else. This is surprising because although it succeeds in most soils it is, in general, more productive of seeds when grown on soils of moderate fertility. It does less well in rich heavy soils or poor ones. It is suitable for an alkaline soil but it dislikes very acid soils. Plants are fairly wind tolerant. Members of this genus bear transplanting well and can be easily moved even when relatively large. It grows best in a mixed forest and away from beech, pine and firs.  When propagating this particular plant it is best sown as soon as it is harvested in autumn in a cold frame. Germinates in late winter or spring. Stored seed should be pre-soaked in warm water for 48 hours and then given 2 weeks warm followed by 3 - 4 months cold stratification. The germination time of this tree is in 1 - 6 months at 20�c. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in a cold frame or sheltered place outdoors for their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early which is very easy since they can be planted out straight into their permanent positions.The Hazel has to be 9 years old before it can produce it's nuts. In Central Europe the hazel is widespread. It is often trimmed to maintain a bush like apprearance and for this reason is a favorite for its easily attained nuts. Hazels can be found as trees or as small trees with many trunks. Hazels are considered deciduous shrubs and small trees frequently coppiced and used for hedges when kept trimmed. When not trimmed they can reach 30 feet in height. The Hazel's wood has been used in past for shade, cask hoops, basketry, walking sticks, hurdles, thatching, and spars and it also makes very good firewood (although because it was considered a fairy wood it was taboo to use as such in times past). Coppiced hazel was used for making sheep hurdles (fence panels for penning sheep in prior to dipping or shearing).The hazel produces a nut that is very delicious and nutritious and ripens 9 months after the catkins first appeared, usually in September and October. The male catkins come in the first weeks of spring and are called 'lamb's tails'. The small, red, star-shaped, female flowers which sit on the buds without stalks, are called 'red-styles' and the nuts develop from these.

The leaves appear after the catkins. They have a few soft hairs on the upper surface and are more hairy beneath, and they alternate along the stems. Hazel nuts often grow in clusters of two, three or four, and are usually between 1 and 1.5 cm across. Cultivated variants, such as filberts (Corylus maxima) and Kentish Cobs have larger nuts.. The hazel is clearly a self-fertile plant, since male and female organs can be found on the same bush, so the plant can fertilize itself. For this reason it is often used in fertility rites and magick.

Hazel twigs were used for divining because of their pliancy and affinity with water. Hazel leaves and nuts are found in early British burial mounds and shaft-wells, especially at Ashill, Norfolk. The place-name story for Fordruim, an early name for Tara , describes it as a pleasant hazel wood (forest).

The Sacred Salmon is associated with the Hazel tree in legend and was said to be caught by Fionn mac Cumhaill . Hazels of wisdom grew at the heads of the seven chief rivers of Ireland, and nine grew over both Connla's Well and the Well of Segais, the legendary common source of the and the Shannon. The 9 nuts of poetic wisdom were said to have fallen into the water from the over hanging trees, causing bubbles of mystic inspiration to form and were then eaten by .  The Salmon the acquired 9 spots upon its back de denoting the number of nuts eaten.   In Irish Lore it is the Hazel was the Bile Ratha where in which the poetic Fairy lives.  It was a capital crime to fell a Hazel tree.  Ogma, who is credited with creating writing, is associated with great "knowing."  It is he who is credited with mandating that the Oral tradition of the Celts be closely guarded and preserved, yet through his creativity he created the alphabet based on tones and sounds.

Initiate members of the Fianna had to defend themselves armed only with a hazel stick and a shield; yet in the Fenian legends the hazel without leaves was thought evil, dripping poisonous milk, and the home of vultures.For these reasons the hazel symbolizes wisdom, intelligence, meditation,  inspiration, poetic inspiration, and wrath.    Interesting facts and folklore: The nuts can be ground up and used to sooth sore throat and head cold symptoms. The dry skin covering the nut can also be ground up into a powder and used for the relief of heavy menstrual flows. The Hazel nut is an emblem of concentrated wisdom.  It was thought that one could gain knowledge simply eating nuts.  In England, all the knowledge of the arts and sciences were bound to the eating of Hazelnuts.

Other interesting facts:

Until the seventeenth century, a forked Hazel-stick was used to divine the guilt of persons in cases of murder and theft.

The seed contains up to 65% of a non-drying oil, used in paints, cosmetics etc and the whole seed can be used to polish and oil wood.

The twigs are used as dowsing rods by water diviners.

The wood also yields a good quality charcoal, used by artists. The mistletoe that grows on hazel protects against bewitching.

If you sleep under a hazel bush you will have vivid dreams.

Hazel is associated with fairies and entrances to magical realms.

In the ogham alphabet of early Ireland, the letter C was represented by hazel [OIr. coll].

Heralds carried hazel wands as badges of office.

Witches' wands are often made of hazel, as are divining rods, used to find underground water.

In Cornwall the hazel was used in the millpreve, the magical adder stones.

In Wales a twig of hazel would be given to a rejected lover.

The name of the Irish hero "Mac Cuill" means 'son of the hazel'

W. B. Yeats thought the hazel was the common Irish form of the tree of life.

Druids were said to have chewed hazelnuts as a means of attaining knowledge and inspiration.

The use of hazel trees, and hazelnuts is beneficial during Otherworld journeys, when in search of wisdom.

Holly people have a strong sense of personal integrity and a firm set of values. They are also affectionate, loyal and trustworthy with a deep devotion to family.  They are known to have abilities that help them in work involving protection, shape shifting and sensitivity to the other world. People born under this sign are less inclined to take risks of any kind until they have carefully checked the odds for and against. They have a strong blend of personal qualities that denote great integrity of character. This relates to a highly practical down to earth quality of character, with the ability to solve difficult problems through simple logic.

People born during the first two weeks of the sign are associated with the new moon and are more inclined to become involved in other peoples dreams and ambitions by providing both financial and emotional support. While this reveals an unselfish and sympathetic nature, the negative aspect is a blind optimism which can be personally damaging.

Full moon people, born in the last two weeks, are more committed to their own dreams and ambitions. They will become the founding members of societies or great business corporations, though holly tree people generally have a great sense of history and tradition. The negative aspects of the full moon character is their hypersensitivity to personal criticism which may force them to retreat periodically from the world.

Holly people are often very religious. They come alive at winter and delight in the cold that most of people dislike. Holly people are very balanced in a fight if the cause is just. They are bearers of truth and demand truth from their friends and associates. Holly people may not be the biggest tree in the grove but they are honest, hardworking and very tolerant of situations. They tend to see both sides in an argument but will choose a side if they have to. They tend to be spiritually advanced and yet may be clueless to being that way. They can be showy at times.

Magickal Associations: Protection, prophecy, magic for animals, sex magic. New guidance from the spirit world, a new familiar. This tree has a powerful link to the spirit world. A symbol of the points between life, death, and rebirth, on both the physical and emotional planes. Holly may bring on some disorientation, for you are working with the Otherworld. Invoke Holly for help with finding a familiar. 
Key Word: Balance 
Animal: Cat 
Ruling Planet: Earth (Abred)
Key Words: Creative, Sensual, Nobility 
Holiday: The Fire Festival of Lammas
Celtic Symbols: The Unicorn And The Flaming Spear- The Unicorn represents a horse with a horn that resembles the flaming spear
Zodiac Degrees : 15�00` Cancer - 11�59` Leo 
Medicine: Holly medicine may be used with difficulties in sleep and to ease the passage of death.
Color: Dark Grey
Class: Peasant
Letter: T
Tarot Key: The Emperor
Meaning: Energy and guidance from problems to come
Polarity: Feminine 
Gods :
Greek : Gaia, Ceres, Persephone
Celtic : Danu, Tannus/Tannist and Nuada
Hindu: Indra
Norse: Thor

The Holly-Oak, not Holly, is the original tree of Tinne and is the evergreen equivalent of the Oak. It is called  a kerm-oak and the word "Tinne" means "Evergreen" in both the Celtic and Norse languages. The Holly is a small evergreen tree. It only grows about 15 m. or 45 ft. tall and is native to the British Isles.

The Holly-Oak is associated with the death and rebirth symbolism of winter in both Pagan and Christian lore. With the Ivy and the Mistletoe, the Holly has always been regarded as a potent life symbol, both for his year-long foliage and for its winter fruits. Holly-Oak may be used in spells having to do with sleep or rest, and to ease the passage of death. The beautiful, white wood has an almost invisible grain that looks very much like ivory. It can be used for engraving, inlays and walking sticks and was also used in ancient times for arrows and spear shafts because it is a balanced wood. This is best evidenced by the verses of the 'Song of Amergin', chanted by a chief Bard as the landed on the shores of Ireland, is the line "I am a battle-waging spear" - the wood of the Holly was used in fashioning spear shafts.The Holly has many other uses, as well,  from making a dye from its berries to being used as an aphrodisiac. Its twigs also yield birdlime and it is actually very good firewood even when green, though burning holly is seen to be sacrilegious to some religious groups. It should also be noted that the berries are poisonous, though used as an emetic.

Holly is associated with the death and rebirth symbolism in both Pagan & Christian lore.The Oak rules the light part of the year while the Holly rules the dark part. For instance:

Both the Oak and Holly are symbolized with the Summer Solstice and the White Horse of the Oak becomes the The Unicorn of the Holly in transformation.   The Fire Festivals that took place during this time were usually in honor of the Earth.  Therefore, the Holly also represents those eternal, ever-green aspects of mother earth.

In Arthurian legend, Gawain, representing the Oak King of summer, fought the Green Knight, who was armed with a Holly club to represent winter. In Arthurian legend, Gawain (representing the Oak King of summer) fought the Green Knight, who was armed with a holly club to represent winter.Trees were pollard and used for winter deed especially in the North and West of England.

The holly is associated with Christ in Christian mythology. The Celtic symbol of the Flaming Spear is associated with the Celtic month of Tanist because the Celtic T is shaped like a barbed spear.

Holly means "holy". Holly symbolizes holiness, consecration, material gain, physical revenge, beauty, and immortality. Holly is said to help with someone's ability to cope with a death, and help him or her to sleep or rest.

Some stories tell that when winter came druids advised the people to take holly into their homes for it would shelter elves and fairies. There was a warning however to remove the holly entirely from the house before Imbolc eve because just one leaf in house would spell misfortune.  The Holly always has been associated with mid winter festivals. Holly was given as gifts during the Roman Saturnila and later mixed with the Celtic traditions celebrating the sun gods birth a winter solstice.

It is felt to be unlucky to fell a holly tree or burn the green skinned holly. Yet luck was increased if a small branch kept from a Yule decoration was hung on the outside of the house where it would protect against lightening.

Scottish Traditions says that no branch should be cut from a holly tree, but rather pulled free in a method considered fit from sacred tree. Holly does not grow in Western Scotland.

Latin: Vitis vinifera
Zodiac Degrees : 9�00` Virgo - 6�59` Libra
Celtic Symbol : The White Swan
Ruling Planet : Venus - Gwena
Ancient Goddesses Associated With Venus :Greek : Aphrodite
                                                                 Celtic : Branwen , Guinevere, Etain
Gods: Celtic Earth gods:Bran and Amaethon. 
         Greek earth-god Kronos, and Dionysus (god of the vine whose blood gave life to the earth). 
         Egyptian god Geb, who ruled the earth and tombs.
Other symbols :Lizard,Unlocking the Planet Venus (Gwena), The Autumn Equinox,  bulls, geese, crows, tombs (mounds) and cornucopias
Tarot Key: The Hierophant
Maculine/Feminine : Androgynous
Color: Variegated
Class: Chieftain
Letter: M
Meaning: Inner development occuring, but take time for relaxation, beauty, inspiration.
Moon of Celebration
Property (depends on type of vine):
   Blackberry - Prosperity, protection, sacred to Brid
   Blueberry - Spirituality, dream magick
   Grape - Fertility, inspiration, prosperity, binding
   Thistle - Courage, protection, strength
The Vine is the symbol of sensuality and emotions. The Ogham word for vine means "highest of beauty" and "strongest of effort." The vine represents the clinging aspirations of poets and artists. Vine is strong in that, when fermented, can cause a person to take leave of their senses.

It's symbol, the White Swan represents the  radiant divinity of the Gods who are said to go to their underground forts during the Autumn Equinox.   The White Swan is also associated with the White Ghost or the White Phantom - Gwenhwyvar.   To the Celts, the Autumn Equinox is a time when the light will eventually give up its hold to the darkness, but for a brief moment all is in balance.  The light and the dark hold equal positions.  To the Celtic mind it represents the balance of the mundane and the supernatural; the mortal and the immortal.

The month of Muin begins on September 2nd and ends on September 29th. This time represents the powers of earth and resurrection. Grapes are said to be the tree of joy, exhilaration and wrath. The leaves can be boiled and stuffed like cabbage.In areas where grapes do not grow, the blackberry reigns.The ripened fruits of the blackberry are edible and quite tasty. The dried leaves can be made into tea which strengthens the female reproductive system, and the young shoots are edible and can be used in salads. Blackberry picking is now the last ritualistic seasonal collecting of wild plant food still practiced in industrialized Europe. The root produces an orange dye.

Latin name: Hedera helix L
Celtic Symbol : The Butterfly
Other Symbols:The Mute Swan, The Boar 
Zodiac Degrees : 7�00` Libra - 4�59` Scorpio
Ruling Planet : Persephone Veiled By The Moon (is said to exist just beyond Pluto)
Ancient Goddesses Associated With Persephone :
Greek : Persephone, Hecate, Ariadne
Celtic : Arianrhod, Rhiannon
Tarot Key: Stength
Properties: Progress and tenacity 
Gender: Masculine
Moon of Buoyancy
Moon of Resilience
Herbal Magick Properties: Healing, protection, cooperation, exorcism
Alternate Names:  Gart, gwinwydden

The month of Gort begins on September 30th and ends on October 27th. This is a time of reconciliation and settlement (karma). It is connected to the Hunter's Moon, and female hunting animals - the wolf, the bear, the boar, and the lion. Symbolized by Brigid - goddess of fire, truth, smith-craft, and inspiration, whose symbol was the Wolf; as well as Garbh Ogh - the Huntress, symbolized by a boar. Also identified with the Greek Artemis (whose symbol was the bear), and the Egyptian lion godess Sakhmet, who represented both the healing and the destructive powers of the Sun. The Hindu goddess Durga rides on a tiger or lion, and is the mighty slayer of demons.

The ivy is not considered a tree, but depends on a host tree for support. It is a member of the Ginseng family (Araliaceae) and can be seen growing to 100 feet long in beech woods and around human habitations, where it is widely planted as a ground cover. Ivy produces greenish flowers before Samhain on short, vertical shrubby branches.The deep green and rather waxy leaves of these flowering branches lack the characteristic lobes of the leaves of the rest of the plant and it has thin tendrils that attach themselves to surfaces. These tendrils are strong enough to force their way into bricks, cracks, and plaster.

Like holly, ivy is evergreen, its dark green leaves striking in the bare forests of midwinter and it represents the perennial aspects of the human psyche. The ivy is respected as a magical plant protecting against evil spirits and symbolizing fidelity, loyalty and enduring friendships.

Ivy can grow in such abundance on a host tree that it smothers the tree and actually kills it. The Ivy was considered to be a very powerful tree to the Celts because of its ability to kill even the mightiest Oak tree. Because of its tendency to create dense, impenetrable thickets in the forest, it is seen as more powerful than the vine, and rather sinister in nature.

The Celts associate Ivy with their lunar goddess Arianrhod and their ritual to her marked the opening of the portal to the Otherworld.  Thus the dark side of the moon.  This door symbolizes an entrance to the world of the Faery People.  The Butterfly is the symbol of the Faery Faith. Thus Ivy represents the mysterious and the mystical.

Ivy berries can be used for medicinal purposes, but can be poisonous if taken In large quantities. In fact, the entire plant is poisonous and should be used with extreme caution, if at all. A broth of fresh leaves can be used to cleanse sores or wounds. A powder made from dried leaves and berries can be used to clear stuffy heads, and is also believed to be a cure for hangovers.

Names: Ruis(RWEESH), Draenan, Elder, Sambucus nigra
Holiday:The Winter Solstice ( Alban Arthuan )
Celtic Symbol : The Black Horse Or The Raven
Other symbols: the Badger
Zodiac Degrees : 3�00` Sagittarius - 1�59` Capricorn
Ruling Planet : Saturn - Sadorn
Ancient Gods Associated With Saturn :
Greek : Saturn, Chronus
Celtic : Pryderi, Bran
Tarot Key: The Star
Full Moon: Elder Moon, Masculine, Moon of Completeness
Magickal Properties:Exorcism; Prosperity; Banishing; Healing 
Polarity: Masculine

The month of Ruis begins on November 25th and ends on December 22nd. "She Who Takes Back." The time of death and rebirth, of repose, peace and the return of the light. It begins at the darkest time of the year, and ends when the Sun returns. Its symbols are white animals, especially the cow, roebuck, sow, and the mare. Symbolized by the White Goddess (Devi, Danu, Anu, Nut), the Creatrix of all it is also the Symbol of both death and rebirth.  Like the Winter Solstice, it highlights a time of evolution.  The Celts believed that it was during this time that their sun or solar spirit was held prisoner.   Just as Pryderi was forced into exile.  It is also a time of trouble and  struggle for supremacy.  In deed  what is now will one day be no more, and that which is to come, will also, one day be no more.

The common elder (Sambucus nigra L.) is a shrub growing to 10 m (33 feet) in damp clearings, along the edge of woods, and especially near habitations. The tree can grow to 50 ft so it is not the tallest tree in the forest but it definitely has its place. It is also found as a shrub. A waterside and deciduous tree, the Elder has white flowers that bloom to their peak in midsummer and followed by red or black berries. Elders are grown for their blackish berries, which are used for preserves and wine. The leaf scars have the shape of a crescent moon. Elder branches have a broad spongy pith in their centers, much like the marrow of long bones, and an elder branch stripped of its bark is very bone-like. The red elder (S. racemosa L.) is a similar plant at higher elevations; it grows to 5 m (15 feet). Red elder extends its native range to northern North America, and it is cultivated along with other native species, but common elders are seldom seen in cultivation. Elders are in the Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae).

The elder is a very sacred tree, the tree of life, death and rebirth. In popular Celtic folklore, it was believed that it was unlucky to use Elder wood for a child's cradle, but that only Birch wood should be used to symbolize purity and new beginnings.In Europe, spirits were believed to dwell within elder trees and there are still taboos against burning it. The leaf scars have the shape of a crescent moon and the branches have a broad spongy pith in their centers, much like the marrow of long bones, and a branch stripped of its bark is very bone-like. Elder was grown near houses, and considered special to the sidhe. It was, and still is, unlucky to harm an elder.

Elder regrows damaged branches with ease and can root rapidly from any part. The inner bark and the flowers have long been famous for their therapeutic qualities. The elder is a veritable medicine chest in one plant. Their blackish berries are used for preserves and wine, and can be dried for storage, then made into a tea that is rich in vitamins A, C, calcium, iron and potassium. The unripe berries, however, can give one diarrhea, so caution should be used in harvesting. Medicinally, the elder is very useful. The flowers and pollen can be boiled with oil, and used on cuts, abrasions, burns and nettle stings. An ointment from the leaves can aid the healing of bruises and sprains. An infusion of the flowers can treat colds (especially used with peppermint and yarrow), and is good for the complexion and the eyes. A tea for purifying the blood can be made from the flowers and wine from the fruit, but in general the tree is poisonous. Rich in vitamin C, a tea from the flowers is also used for the treatment of coughs and sore throat. Boiled leaves can be used in a mixture for the relief of pain in the ears. A distillation made from the flowers is used a skin cleanser, a cure for headaches and treatment for the common cold. The bark can be dried and used as a laxative.

Elder tree characters evolve gradually during their lifetimes. Initially in their youth they are inclined to waste much time and energy on worthless ventures or projects. They are often fortunate or benefit from inheritances which encourage extravagant tastes or indulgences. They have a basic restlessness or an insatiable curiosity that draws them into the study of profound subjects, and they are inclined to travel great distances in order to further their knowledge. People born during the first two weeks come under the new moon phase of the sign and they are more outspoken and impulsive. They are, however, extremely persuasive orators who will constantly challenge injustices or what they see as corrupt powers. The people born during the last two weeks come under the full moon phase, and while they have great vision, they are inclined to operate more successfully in the background rather than pursue a confrontational approach.

Elder people definitely have a tie to the White goddess. They are very similar to Rowan people. They are very musically inclined and gifted. Most Elder people will be water people as well, having water as their element or even associated with their astrological birth sign. They are excellent healers. They have to be careful not to use their gifts to sway other people's wills and choices. they can also be excellent seers and seem to be not of their time, of their time and before there time in different circumstances.

Truth and honesty. The mental level of the Elder is one of meditation and contemplation, leading to natural progression. In order to grow into a strong, brave person you must become honest and truthful. For it can take strength and bravery to become truly honorable.

Class: Shrub
Holiday: The Fire Festival Of Samhain
Celtic Symbol : The White Hound Or The Stone
Zodiac Degrees : 5�00` Scorpio - 2�59` Sagittarius
Ruling Planet : Pluto - Pwyll
Ancient Gods Associated With Pluto :Greek : Pluto Celtic : Dis, Pwyll, Arawn
Magickal Properties: Fertility, protection, love, family concerns
Color: Grass Green
Letter: NG
Meaning: Upsets or surprises
Tarot Key: The Priestess
Reed Moon (feminine) also called: Moon of the Home, Hearth Moon, Winter Moon, Moon Which Manifests Truth

Identified with the submerged or hidden dryad, The Reed represents the mysteries of death.  In fact the Fire Feast of Samhain celebrates the dead and on Samhain, the boundary between the Otherworld and this world dissolve.  It is a night of great divination.   Or in another fashion, it represents the hidden roots to all life.  The Reed is associated with with being both a savior and custodian.  Pwyll, the Celtic ruler of the Otherworld was given "The Stone" , one of four treasures given to him for safekeeping.  The Stone represents the right of the kings and queen to have divine power.  Thus the Reed is also the symbol of Royalty.   The White Hounds represent the dogs that guard the lunar mysteries.  This Tree is the Tree of Doom. It is a time of prophecy, communication with spirits, and the ability to face one's shadow. Its symbols are crows, black cats, and horses. Symbolized by The Morrigan, Hecate, Rhiannon, and Neb-Het - 'Lady of the (Great) House' also known as Nephthys who was represented by a black cat or vulture. Kali, the Hindu goddess of Time, also has frightening forms as well as benevolent, queenly ones.

The reed is a giant grass, with stems as high as 12 feet. It grows in marshy areas, where it often forms dense stands. The dead stems rattle and whisper in late autumn winds. The young stems of the reed can be dried and pounded into a fine powder, which when moistened, can be roasted like marshmallow; the rootstocks can be made into flour; and the tiny reddish seeds can be ground into flour or made into gruel.

The reed becomes ready to cut in November. The Egyptian canna-reed which grows from thick roots like a tree was an ancient symbol for royalty in the eastern Mediterranean. In Egypt the reed was used to make scepters and arrows hence the Pharaohs of Egypt would should arrows in every direction to symbolism the Sun-god and their own sovernty. If the scepter broke the kind was believed to have lost his virility and vitality. The Irish used the reeds for thatching of roofs. A house was not completed or established until the roof was thatched. The dead stems rattle in the wind and are commonly referred to commonly as broom. The broom is a wide, bushy shrub that grows in abundance in the British Isles, and blooms in yellow pod-shaped flowers. It can grow to seven feet in height, and its stem can grow very thick and strong. . Its branches are often dried and used as brooms (as the name suggests,) and a decoction of young branches and seeds can be used to treat malaria, gout and painful joints. It is also a good diuretic. Oil drawn from the stems (by heating them over and open fire,) can be used to treat toothaches, and for the removal parasites such as lice.The Reed is used to make pens, thatching, mats, and baskets.

The broom is a wide, bushy shrub that grows in abundance in the British Isles, and blooms in yellow pod-shaped flowers. It can grow to seven feet in height, and its stem can grow very thick and strong. Its branches are often dried and used as brooms (as the name suggests,) and a decoction of young branches and seeds can be used to treat malaria, gout and painful joints. It is also a good diuretic. Oil drawn from the stems (by heating them over and open fire,) can be used to treat toothaches, and for the removal parasites such as lice.

Traditionally the Celts were a nomadic people. They camped on one place throughout the cold winter months, and would break camp in the spring when the first yellow blooms appeared on the broom. Although it has associations with spring, broom stands for the month of October in the Ogham Calendar.

Reed Characters Are The Duality Of The Ivy Sign. Persephone And Pluto Form a unifying aspect of the psyche which nevertheless is full of drama and passion. Reed people are very vital and vibrant. They are more likely to be male then female. But they will be good caretakers of their home and property. They may come across as cocky or arrogant for their aristocratic attitudes. People born at this time have a powerful personal presence similar to the ivy people, the difference being that reed people are more forceful and less inclined to compromise, for they have a role to play which excludes any signs of weakness or the luxury of sitting on the fence. They act like catalysts rather than competitors in life, and they are more concerned with changing the whole formula of life rather than certain aspects of it.

New moon people born during the first two weeks will make both powerful friends and enemies as their initial response is inclined to be impatient and impulsive. They will, however, maintain their position and achieve a great deal of respect, especially from their adversaries. Full moon people plan their moves with more subtlety and achieve more recognition publicly, but they are inclined to want to move on to other things which can undermine their true sense of purpose. Generally speaking, reed people are great survivors in life who are inclined to encounter the hostility of others rather than a helping hand.

Hosted by www.Geocities.ws