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Chemical Solutions by Anurag Katiyar


Distillation Column Basics



Learn about distillation columns basics:


Various parts of distillation column are as follows :

  • A vertical column where separation of components is carried out
  • Trays,plates or packings are placed inside the vertical column to enhance mass transfer operations
  • Reboilers provide necessary vaporization for distillation processes
  • A condensor is recquired to cool and condense vapors leaving at top of the column.
  • A reflux drum to hold the condensed vapor from the top of the column so that liquid can be refluxed back to the column
[Distillation Column]

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Woking of distillation column

The liquid mixture to be separated is introduced more or less centrally into a vertical cascade of trays. The feed tray divides column into two parts:

  • Enriching Section : In this section vapor rising is washed with liquid flowing down from top to remove less volatile component.

  • Stripping section :In this section liquid is stripped of volatile components by vapor produced at bottom by partial vaporization of bottom liquid in reboiler.


The whole operation can be summarised in following steps:

  • Feed flows to bottom and collected in reboiler.
  • Reboiler supplies heat to regenerate vapor.
  • The vapor raised in reboiler is re-introduced into the unit at the bottom of the column.
  • The liquid removed from reboiler is known as Bottom Product
  • Vapor moves up and is condensed by a condensor.
  • A part of the condensed liquid is stored in reflux drum to be recycled back to the top of the column and is called Reflux.
  • The condensed liquid that is removed from system is known as distilate or Top product.

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Last updated: July 14,2000. Report suggestions and problems to: [email protected]

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