The province has a population of 1,882,900 (2007 Census of Population), with a land area of 8,706.60 square kilometers. Its projected population for 2013 is 1,194,315. The population density is estimated at 216 persons per square kilometer. Of the forty (40) municipalities, Sariaya with about 128,248 population is considered to have the largest population (based on 2007 statistics.) Candelaria, Tiaong and Tayabas rank second, third and fourth, respectively. Lucena City, a highly urbanized area, has 236,390 population.

         The provincial population grew at the rate of 2.61% between 1970 and 1975 while it decreased to about 1.88% for the period 1975-1980. The lower growth rate during this period was attributed to the in-migration rate of 2.5% and a relatively higher out-migration rate of 3.2% which mostly accounted to the National Capital Region. The period 1980-1990 has 1.96% population growth rate. Between 1990-1995, population grew by 5.17% while it dramatically dropped to about 1.84% during 1995-2000. Annual population grew by 5.17% while it dramatically dropped to about 1.84% during 1995-2000. Annual population growth rate for 2000-2007 is 1.65%.

         The percentage of the household population belonging to the age group 0-14 years in 1995 was 39.68% while it was 38.72% in 2000. Household population, 15-64 years, increased from 56.84% in 1995 to 57.42% in 2000. The oldest age group (65 and over) accounted for 3.86% in 2000, which is slightly higher than the 1995 proportion (3.48%).

         As a result of the decrease in the percentage of the population ages 0-14 years and increase in the percentage of the group 15-64 years, the dependency ratio dropped from 75.92% in 1995 to 74.16% in 2000.