POLITICAL EVENTS
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CLASSICAL MUSIC

ASSOCIATED WITH POLITICAL EVENTS

Music in the early part of the Twentieth century brought radical new developments in science and art.  It was a time of revolt.   More changes in the language of music have taken place than anything else.  There have been new approaches to the organization of pitch and rhythm and a vast expansion in the vocabulary of sounds, especially percussive sounds.  From the late 1600s to about 1900, musical structure was governed by certain general principles.  Since 1900, no single system has governed the organization of pitch in all musical compositions.  Each piece will have more of its own unique system of pitch relationships.

          In the first half of the twentieth century, the concert and operatic repertory was dominated by music from earlier periods rather than by contemporary works.  After 1900, listeners and performers were often baffled by the dissonances, percussive sounds, and irregular rhythms in some of the new music.         After World War I, organizations were formed for the specific purpose of giving the public a greater opportunity to hear new music.

          Composers have come a long way following the Great War known as World War I.  German musician suffered in the United States during the war.  The war hysteria had degenerated into sheer hate.  Several American cities-Pittsburgh among them- had banned all German music, and even the most respected German musicians had cause for Alarm.  After the war, German musicians and the works of the German masters were welcomed back, but the strong German influence was broken.  The American concept of great symphonic music proliferated within a few years to include the modern French, Russian, and Scandinavian composers particularly.

          The pluralization in music that followed Wold War I joined with the nativism that was currently sweeping the country to provide the flexibility and the justification for giving American compositions a greater hearing.  Whereas American orchestras had been reluctant earlier to play works by native musicians, it became somewhat fashionable after the war to include American pieces on symphonic programs and, what was even more desirable, to introduce domestic works that had never been publicly performed.  The American composer remained more valued as a curiosity than for his genius, but the initial cracks in the foreign monopoly of the serious instrumental repertory were becoming vaguely discernible.

 

 

Here is a collection of music links for your enjoyment.

Collections

Classical MIDI Archives, the biggest reservoir of classical music files in MIDI format. What you don't find here possibly hasn't been sequenced.
Classical MIDI Connection, a very good collection of classical music files.
Classical musical MIDI, a collection of classical and present day --but classically inspired-- music files informally managed by Reg.
Classical MIDI Resource is just the opposite of the previous site. This collection presents itself as select and exclusive.
String ensemble café, a site managed by Masashi Idogawa and devoted mainly to classical string sequences, which houses some nice works not seen elsewhere.

NWC Scriptorium, a collection of music files in NWC format. Not all of them are classical music

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Political Events

 

1900-1909

The first decade of the 20th century marked the start of the Progressive Movement.  Writers such as Henry George, and Edward Bellamy helped influence progressive ideas with their books.  There was also Upton Sinclair who helped expose injustices in large corporations, labor, and the food industry.  With their books, these writers helped spark a movement that would change America's way of life.  New political parties such as the socialist, suffrage, labor, and municipal reform parties developed, each with their own progressive goals.  Some of these major goals included ending the capitalist system, nationalizing American industry, better work hours and wages, home rule, abolishing political corruption, social welfare programs, and prohibition.  The progressives of this decade were helped in their cause by Theodore Roosevelt, the headstrong reformer president of the United States.  Many reformers of the day were mid to upper-class citizens, but were supported by working class individuals as well.      The effect it had on Americans from then to now was very important.  Because of the new ideas and concepts of that era, people's lives were changed dramatically.  Examples of this can be found with things like prohibition in the 20's, a better quality of living, and new active presidents.  When it comes to the present, can you imagine most of the politicians being corrupt (besides the president), and living without some of the basic utilities, living standards, and freedoms we have now.  This decade has changed America in many ways and overall it has been for the better.

 

 

 1910-1919

     Pre to post World War I was the main theme and concern of this decade.  It concerned the American people in many ways at that time.  This was because the country was forced to make civil and financial sacrifices.  Also the war left us uncertain as to its outcome and changed our overseas affairs.  WWI affected us in other ways too.  Our economy greatly increased because of war production and it boosted our army incredibly.  Women won the suffrage movement because American troops overseas and people at home realized the value they put into the war, and their contributions to it.  This caused congress to finally succumb to the political forces of the states that had passed women's suffrage, and to the unrelenting work of NAWSA.  In some ways we still feel the war's effects today.  Such as WWII because of the German's bitterness, the United Nations created from the League of Nations, the ending of "uncivilized warfare as agreed during the Geneva Convention, the sad killing of millions of men and women from war, blockades, and extensive economic problems.  These issues helped to create the main theme of this decade.

 

 

 

 1920-1929

     The main theme of this decade was the idea of the roaring 20's leading into the depression.  The country was full of good times and rebellion with things like the stock market, Jazz, bootlegging, flappers, high spirits, and a supposed strong economy.  This effected people then in many ways then.  Role models were a big part of commercials and the new attitude for Americans.  People like Babe Ruth and Jack Dempsey gave people someone to believe and look up to.  The Jazz Age created new music for people to dance to.  New untraditional styles of dancing were also created by people like flappers, who rebelled by creating new styles like short hair, shorter skirts, and make up.  More economic freedoms and ideas started getting more Americans than ever before investing in the stock market, buying on margin, and using credit.  This was all highlighted by the bootlegging and rum running that kept America wet during prohibition.  All this came to a catastrophic end though in 1929 when the stock market crashed.      Some of the effects of this decade are with us still today.  Like makeup, dancing without chaperones, credit, and people that are more cautious about money usage.  Because of the stock market crash in 1929 and another drop in 1987, the government has put computer blockers on the stock market to stop it from ever dropping that low again.  All this combined made the 1920's one of the most important and pivotal decades of the 20th century.

Timeline of Events

 

American Timeline

 

1891 Civil war in Chile

1898 Spanish-American War; Spain gives Cuba independence, United States takes Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines as colonies

 

1900

THE WORLD GOES TO WAR

1901-09 Theodore Roosevelt is US president; he works to reform business, railways, child labour, and to conserve natural resources

1903 Panama secedes from Colombia with US backing

1903 Boundary dispute over Alaska between Canada and United States settled

1904 Final settlement between Bolivia and Chile after the War of the Pacific

1904-09 Presidency of Ismael Montes in Bolivia; period of social and political reforms

1905 Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan formed in Canada

1906 Alaska elects a delegate to US Congress

1906 Cuba occupied by US forces following a liberal revolt

1907 Run on American banks checked by J P Morgan

1908 Henry Ford produces first Model T car

1911 President Diaz of Mexico overthrown

1912 Alaska granted territorial status in United States

1912 Arizona and New Mexico become US states

1912 Secret ballot and universal suffrage introduced in Argentina

1913-21 Woodrow Wilson is president of United States

1914 Panama Canal opened

1914 Completion of Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in Canada

1916-22 Hipolito Irigoyen elected president of Argentina: extensive reforms

1917 Mexico adopts a new constitution

1917 Brazil declares war on Germany

1917 United States declares war on Germany

1918 Venezuela oilfields opened

1918 US President Wilson puts forward the Fourteen Points for settling World War I

1919-20 US Congress refuses to recognize League of Nations

1919-30 Great material progress in Peru during presidency of Augusto LeguĠa

1920-33 Prohibition against sale of alcohol in United States

1921-25 Progressive government of President Juan Bautista Saavedra in Bolivia

1922 First portable radio and first car radio made in United States

1926 Panama and United States agree to protect Panama canal in wartime

1929 US Wall Street Stock Exchange crashes; Great Depression follows

1930 Getulio Vargas becomes Brazilian president, and assumes dictatorial powers in 1937

 

 

European Timeline

 

1891 Civil war in Chile

1898 Spanish-American War; Spain gives Cuba independence, United States takes Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines as colonies 

1900    German naval law introduces 20-year building programme for a high seas fleet to compete with the British navy

1901 - 05         Separation of the church from the state in France

1901    Foundation of Russian Social Revolutionary party (Bolsheviks)

1903    Assassination of Alexander, king of Serbia

1903 - 05         Scandal breaks in Belgium over Belgian rule in Zaire

1904    "Entente Cordiale" between Britain and France

1904 - 05         Russo-Japanese War

1905    Revolution in Russia

1905    Norway breaks away from Sweden; elects King Haakon VII

1906    Liberal government comes to power in Britain; many reforms

c. 1906            Navy arms race escalates

1908    Young Turk revolution

1908    Carlos I of Portugal assassinated

1908    Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina

1908    Ferdinand I proclaimed emperor of Bulgaria

1910    Portuguese revolution brings about the end of the monarchy

1912 - 13         Balkan Wars

1913    Coup d'_tat of Young Turks in Turkey

1914    Assassination of heir to Austrian throne leads to outbreak of World War I

1914    Battle of the Marne

1914    Battle of Tannenberg between the Germans and the Russians; German victory

1915    Dardanelles Campaign; British try to force passage to Constantinople

1915    Germans start submarine campaign to blockade British Isles

1916    Battle of Jutland between British and German fleets; stalemate

1916    Easter Rising against British government in Ireland

1917    Russian Revolution: Liberal revolution (February); Bolshevik revolution (October)*

1918    Armistice ends World War I

PEACE AND WAR

1919    Ernest Rutherford splits atom for first time

1921    Lenin introduces New Economic Policy in Russia

1922    Irish Free State founded

1922    Mussolini becomes Italian prime minister; dictator from 1925

1923 - 30         Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain

1924    First British Labour party victory at a general election

1924    Death of Vladimir Lenin

1925    Locarno Agreements between major European powers aim to maintain peace and stability

1926    In Britain, John Logie Baird invents the television

1928    French begin to build fortification, the Maginot Line, on German border

1928        Stalin launches five-year plan to expand Soviet industry

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