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    • # 14 - Naming of Acids

    Most acids have hydrogen(H) in their formulas, they are named by what compound is attached to the hydrogen.

    There are two main things that combine with the hydrogen to form an acid and they�re halogens, and polyatomic ions.

    Halogens:

    halogens are elements with 7 electrons in it�s outer shell, they take up column 17 on this periodic table:

    F, Cl, Br, I, and At are halogens

    On to the naming!

    Name HF

    First, write down hydro:

    Hydro

    Second, without making a space write the root of the halogen:

    Hydrofluor

    Then write, without making a space. -ic:

    Hydrofluoric

    Then, with a space, add the word "acid":

    Hydrofluoric Acid

    Here�s a chart to help you:
    Compound Hydro- Halogen root -ic "acid" Final name
    HCl Hydro- Chlor- -ic acid Hydrochloric acid
    HBr Hydro- Brom- -ic acid Hydrobromic acid
    HI Hydro- Iod- -ic acid Hydroiodic acid

    Polyatomic ions:

    There are two classes of polyatomic ions that form acids, and it�s their endings "ite" or "ate + any others"

    Polyatomic ions that end in "-ite"

    Here�s an example:
    H2SO3

    first, name the root of the polyatomic ion:

    sulfur

    second, without any spaces, put "-ous":

    Sulfurous

    Then, just add "acid" like before:

    Sulfurous acid

    Here�s a chart to help you:
    Compound root "ous" acid final name
    HNO2 Nitr- ous acid Nitrous acid
    HClO2 Chlor ous acid Chlorus acid

    Polyatomic ions that end in "ate" or any other endings:

    Here�s an example"
    HNO3

    first, put the root of the Polyatomic ion down:

    Nitr

    Second, put "-ic" next to it

    Nitric

    Then, add "acid" like above

    Nitric acid

    Here�s a table to help:

    Compound root -ic acid final name
    HClO3 Chlor -ic acid Chloric acid
    H2CO3 Carbon- -ic acid Carbonic acid
    HCN Cyan- -ic acid Cyanic acid

    So here�s a review list:

    For naming Halogen acids:
    1. Write down hydro
    2. Then write, without making a space, -ic
    3. Then, with a space, add the word "acid"

    For naming Polyatomic ions that end in "ite"

    1. Write first name the root of the polyatomic ion
    2. Without any spaces, put "-ous":
    3. Then, just add "acid" like before

    For naming Polyatomic ions that end in "ate or anything else"

    1. Put the root of the Polyatomic ion down
    2. Put "-ic" next to it
    3. Then, add "acid" like above
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