Antoine Laurent Lavoisier - The Father of Modern Chemistry

Annoted Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources

Books:

Riedman, Sarah R. Antoine Lavoisier, Scientist and Citizen. New York: Alberd-Schuman, 1957.

Quotes from Robert Boyle on elements. Quote from Lavoisier�s teacher.

Encyclopedia CD-Rom:

"Lavoisier, Antoine" Collier�s Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Sierra Inc. 1998.

�� Picture of Antoine Lavoisier and his wife.

Internet:

"Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743 - 1794)" 1 pp. Online. Internet. 28 Jan. 2002.

�� www.top-biography.com/9119-Lavoisier

�� Borders.�

"Lavoisier, Antoine- Laurent." 9 pp. Online. Internet. 2 Dec. 2001.

�� http://127.0.0.1:4500/article/LAO12776/

�� Picture of Antoine Lavoisier. Picture of a balance. Picture of phlogiston.

Secondary Sources
Books:

Riedman, Sarah R. Antoine Lavoisier, Scientist and Citizen. New York: Alberd-Schuman, 1957.

Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds did not evaporate, but burned under intense heat, by using his experiments. If air was excluded from the diamonds then it would not disappear. Air was needed to burn the diamonds. He showed that phosphorus absorbs air and form phosphoric acid. Yet weight is gained from combination. Seeing that phosphorus and sulfur combined with air, he started his revolutionary discovery of combustion. Lavoisier used the research of Dr. Black and his �fixed air� (later known as carbon dioxide) in his work on respiration and combustion. His work on the phlogiston theory was also a major step toward his theory of combustion. He worked on proving Aristotle�s four elements wrong and devised a new way to name the elements. At the end he discovered that respiration involved oxygen and carbon dioxide. He also discovered that respiration was very similar to combustion and that phlogiston has no involvement in combustion, but instead oxygen was. He disproved a theory that had been accepted by many for a long time.

Encyclopedias:

Usselman, Melvyn C. "Antoine Laurent Lavoisier" World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World�� Book Inc. 2002 Ed. Vol. 12:123 Ref. 031 WOR

Lavoisier lived from 1743 - 1794 and was called the "Father of Modern Chemistry" for his many accomplishments. He was a French chemist. He received education in all branched of science, but he was originally studying to be a lawyer. Yet his teacher had convinced him to take the path of a scientist. In 1768 he was elected to the French Academy of Science. Lavoisier�s most famous discovery may have been his conclusion about combustion. He explained that combustion resulted from a rapid chemical union of flammable material with gases. The weight of this product was equal the reacting ingredient. He also did work on respiration and animals, which he conducted with Pierre Simon Laplace and Priestley. He demonstrated the chemical reaction in living things and that respiration of animals involved carbon dioxide and oxygen. He showed that respiration was much like combustion.

Encyclopedias CD-Rom:

"Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier" Encyclopedia Britannica. CD-ROM. Britannica, Inc., 1999.

In 1770, Lavoisier demonstrated that water could not be transmuted to earth. The debris which was found came from a the glass vessel in which the transmutation occurred. In 1772, Lavoisier proved that sulfur and phosphorus absorbed air when burned. At that time Aristotle had said the four elements were water, fire, air, and earth, which was believed at Lavoisier�s time. Yet Lavoisier disproved this and showed that fire wasn�t a substance at all, water was a compound, air was compound of nitrogen and oxygen, and earth was made up of many particles. Showed that combustion was a result of oxygen not fire or phlogiston. Also showed that water was a combination of hydrogen and oxygen. In one of his books he classified known elements and compounds. Showed the 3 states of matter and also devoted much of his time to respiration and chemicals involved in nature.

"Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent" Collier�s Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Sierra Inc., 1998.

Lavoisier dedicated his life to science in 1775. He joined an academy of science. In 1770 Lavoisier began his studies on combustion, and two years later he deposited a note to the Academy discussing his conclusions. This was called Lavoisier�s "new system of chemistry." In led to a complete revision classification of elements. Lavoisier also showed the importance of oxygen in respiration and combustion. He showed that water was a combination of hydrogen and oxygen. He also found many ways to improve community life like farming.

"Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent" Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft, Inc., 1999.

Lavoisier�s experiments were among the first truly quantitative experiments in chemical history. He showed that weight of matter stayed the same after a chemical reaction. This showed evidence toward Law of Conservation of Mass. He also did much work on the nature of combustion. He disproved the phlogiston theory and showed the role of oxygen in animal respiration and combustion. He made a way to order the chemicals/elements.

Internet:

"Lavoisier, Antoine- Laurent." 9 pp. Online. Internet. 2 Dec. 2001.

http://127.0.0.1:4500/article/LAO12776/

At first Lavoisier studied law, but became interested in chemistry and choose to the path of a scientist. In his early years he took a trip to France to study specimens for a mineralogical atlas. He renamed "dephlogisticated air" to oxygen because he thought oxygen was necessary to produce acids (this was false). Reclassified the elements in 1789. He studied liquefaction of gases, calorimetric investigations, fermentation, and analogy between combustion and cycle process of plant and animal life. He improved agriculture and public health in France as well. Lavoisier was killed in a guillotine.

"Antoine Laurent Lavoisier" Online. Internet.

http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~meg3c/classes/tcc313/200Rprojs/lavoisier2/home.html

Lavoisier was most known for oxygen and combustion. He was the son of a very prosperous lawyer. He joined the Royal Academy of Science and other groups. His work on the phlogiston theory was his most important work toward the theory of combustion. The phlogiston theory said that weight was lost during combustion because phlogiston was lost. Yet Lavoisier showed that this process was actually reversed, using some work from animal and respiration, showing that the phlogiston theory was wrong.