Overview of Mars Weather

     Since the Martian year is about twice as long as an Earth year, the seasons would be twice as long on Mars than on Earth.  The seasons on Earth are fairly equal in length.  Not so on Mars.  Mars' orbit is much more eccentric than Earth's orbit.  This causes Mars to move much faster during perihelion than during aphelion.  During perihelion, the northern hemisphere on Mars is experiencing autumn.  It would follow that the Martian northern hemisphere has a short autumn and winter, and its spring and summer would be quite long.  But since Mars has a highly eccentric orbit, the autumn and winter would be partially negated in the northern hemisphere by Mars' close proximity to the sun.  The end result is that in the northern hemisphere, there is reduced seasonality.
     The story for the southern hemisphere is quite different.  Here, perihelion occurs during the spring which would bring about hot springs and summers that are rather short lived.  Fall and winter occur during aphelion when the planet is far from the sun and moving very slowly.  Thus, the Martian winters in the southern hemisphere are devastatingly bitter cold.  This correlates nicely with observations of Martian polar ice caps.  The ice cap in the southern hemisphere gets many times larger than the one in the northern hemisphere during their respective winters (Sheehan, 1996).




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