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Poems for :
Albanian
Language
Freedom
The
Nightingale's lament
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Ndre
Mjeda
Classical poet Ndre Mjeda bridges the gap between late nineteenth-century Rilindja culture and the dynamic literary creativity of the independence period. Mjeda was born on 20 November 1866 in Shkodra and, like so many other Gheg writers of the period, was educated by the Jesuits . Influential in his upbringing were Jesuit writer Anton Xanoni (1863-1915) and Franciscan poet Leonardo De Martino (1830-1923). The Society of Jesus sent the young Mjeda abroad for studies and training. He spent an initial three months in the spring of 1880 in the village of Cossé-le-Vivien near Laval in the west of France and thereafter attended a college at the Carthusian monastery of Porta Coeli north of Valencia, Spain, where he studied literature. In 1883, we find him in Croatia studying rhetoric, Latin and Italian at a Jesuit institution in Kraljevica on the Dalmatian coast. From 1884 to the beginning of 1887, he trained at a college run there which was run by the Gregorian University of Rome, and in 1887 transferred to another Gregorian college in Chieri southeast of Turin where he remained until the end of that year. It was during these years that Ndre Mjeda began writing verse in Albanian, including the melancholic and much-read poem Vaji i bylbylit (The nightingales lament), published in 1887 in the booklet Scahiri Elierz (The honorable poet), expressing his longing for his native Albania. Also of this period is the poem Vorri i Skanderbegut (Scanderbeg s grave). The theme of the exiled Albanian yearning nostalgically for his homeland under the Turkish yoke was nothing unusual in Rilindja literature, in particular in the decade following the defeat of the League of Prizren, and many of his other poems are devoted to such nationalist themes. In Mjedas verse, however, we sense the influence not only of the Rilindja culture of the age, but also that of his mentor Leonardo De Martino , the Scutarine Catholic poet whose refined 442-page bilingual verse collection LArpa di un italo-albanese (The harp of an Italo-Albanian) had appeared in Venice in 1881. An equally important component in Mjedas verse were the contemporary poets of Italy: the patriotic Giosuč Carducci (1835-1907), the pensive Giovanni Pascoli (1855-1912) and the sensuous Gabriele DAnnunzio (1863-1938), as well as the Latin literature of classical antiquity. From 1887 to 1891, Mjeda taught music at the College of Marco Girolamo Vida in Cremona on the River Po, the city of composer Claudio Monteverdi and of Antonio Stradivari. There and in Soresina he continued writing verse and at the same time devoted himself to the translation of religious literature. In 1888, the Propaganda Fide in Rome published his Jeta e sceitit sc Gnon Berchmans (The life of St John Berchmans ) about a Jesuit saint from Brabant, and in 1892 T perghjamit e Zojs Bekume (Imitation of the Holy Virgin) translated from Spanish. In later years he was to publish a translation of the Katekizmi i madh (The great catechism) in three volumes, Historia e shejtė (Sacred history), and a life of St Aloysius of Gonzaga . From 1891, Mjeda
studied for a couple of years at the theological faculty of a
Gregorian college in Kraków in Catholic Poland. In 1893, we find
the poet in Gorizia on the Italian-Slovene border and in the following
year back in Kraljevica where he taught philosophy and philology
and served as librarian at the Gregorian college. He was subsequently
appointed professor of logic and metaphysics. It was in 1898 that
a conflict is said to have broken out among the Jesuits of Kraljevica,
apparently concerning their loyalties to Austria-Hungary and the
Vatican. The exact details of the scandal are not known, but Ndre
Mjeda was somehow involved and was promptly expelled or resigned
that year from the Jesuit Order. Mjeda was a member of the Literary
Commission set up in Shkodra on 1 September 1916 under the Austro-Hungarian
administration, and from 1920 to 1924 he served as a deputy in
the National Assembly. After the defeat of Fan Mjedas poetry, in particular his collection Juvenilia, Vienna 1917 (Juvenilia), is noted for its classical style and for its purity of language. It is probably no coincidence that the title of this work for which Mjeda is best remembered is the same as Giosuč Carducci s lyric volume Iuvenilia which was published almost half a century earlier. Mjedas Juvenilia includes not only original poetry but also adaptations of foreign verse by Tommaso Grossi (1790-1853), Giuseppe Capparozzo (1802-1848), Charles Wolfe (1791-1823) and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832). A second cycle of poetry begun by Mjeda was to be devoted to the ancient cities of Illyria: Lissus (Lezha), Scodra ( Shkodra), Dyrrachium (Durrės) and Apollonia (Pojan). However, only the first two parts of this cycle ever saw the light of day. Lissus, composed of twelve sonnets, appeared in May 1921 in the Franciscan monthly Ylli i Dritės (The day-star), and Scodra was published posthumously in 1939
Pėrmbi za qė lshon
bylbyli, Ndėr komb' tjera,
ndėr dhena tjera, Nji kto gjuhė
qė jam tue ndie, Ku n'breg t'Cemit
rritet trimi Geg' e tosk', malsi,
jallia Qoftė mallkue kush
qet ngatrrime Por me gjuhė kaq
t'moēme e mjera E njat tok' qė
je tue gzue,
O shqipe, o zogjt'
e maleve, kallzoni: A keni ndie ndikund,kah
fluturoni "Lirim, lirim!"
-- bėrtet gjithkah malsia. .................................
E kqyre: Ndėr
male po pėrhapet shkėndija Qė ndėr djepa rritin
nanat e Hotit
Po shkrihet bora,
Pushoi murlani Gjith; fushėt
e malet Ndėr pyje e orgaja, E tuj gjimue A ēil kafazi, Kerkush ma hovin
Kafaz ke qiellin, Nėpėr lamije E kur t'zitė e
di Tash pa frigė ēerdhen
E ur t'vin zhegu, Rreth e rreth gjindja
A ēilė kafazi,
Nder tranfofille, Po shkrihet bora,
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