Fahd bin Abdul Aziz
Sultan Bin Abdul Aziz
Naef Bin Abdul Aziz
Salman Bin Abdul Aziz
Ahmad Bin Abdul Aziz
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In 1990, a collective effort was
undertaken by a group of Saudi citizens with such diverse backgrounds as
teachers, scholars, businessmen, and government employees signed a
petition and submitted it to King Fahd. All in all, these honest and loyal
citizens wanted the King to hear what an average Saudi citizen had to say
about his rule and the future they all feared was coming to Saudi Arabia.
One notices reading the text how precise and concerned were these people
and how much they feared the wrath of the King. Their display of loyalty
to the family and the historical perspective of their role in the monarchy
of Saudi Arabia comes across in a determined and concrete way. |
The petition asked for ten reforms:
- A systematic framework for fatwa. It
must take into consideration the Shari'a, which is infallible and
unchangeable, as represented in the unequivocal texts of the Qur'an
and the Hadith. But jurisprudence commentaries, Qur'an interpreters'
views and the opinions of Shari'a experts that are derived from
divergent scholarly doctrines are all human attempts to comprehend the
Shari'a texts. These views are affected by their authors' ability to
understand, given their level of knowledge and skill. Shaped by the
circumstances of time and place, these views are liable to being wrong
as well as right, and should be subject to debate. Indeed, there has
been a consensus among scholars that no one may ever claim the sole
right to determine the meaning of the Qur'an or the Hadith or
monopolize the right to decide Shari'a rules. It is therefore
essential that we clearly and forcefully make a distinction between
what is divine and what is human. The revealed and unambiguous texts
must be accepted and obeyed. But scholarly opinions may be freely
examined and questioned without any limits.
- Consider issuing a basic law of
government in light of the statements and declarations made by the
rulers of the country at various times.
- Formation of a consultative council
comprising the elite from among the qualified and knowledgeable
opinion makers known for their honesty, forthrightness, impartiality,
morality and public c service, representing all regions of the
Kingdom. The council must have among its responsibilities the study,
development and adoption of laws and rules related to all economic,
political, educational and other issues and should exercise effective
scrutiny of all executive agencies
- The revival of municipal councils; the
implementation of the Law of Provinces; and the generalization of the
chamber of commerce experience as a model for all other trades
- The investigation of all aspects of
the judicial system, in all its degrees, types and areas of
competence, for the purpose of modernizing its laws and evaluating the
process of preparing judges and their assistants. Every step necessary
must be taken to guarantee independence of the judiciary, to assure
its effectiveness and fairness, spread its authority and strengthen
its foundations. Schools that train for this important field must be
open to all citizens, not reserved to one group over the others in
violation of the Shari'a-based principle of equality of opportunity.
- Commitment to total equality among all
citizens in all aspects of their life, without distinction based on
ethnic, tribal, sectarian or social origins. The principle of
protecting citizens against interference in their lives except by a
court order must be firmly established.
- Media policy must be reviewed and set
according to a comprehensive and precise law reflecting the most
advanced legislation in other countries. This law must enable all
Saudi media to exercise their freedom in preaching good over evil,
calling for virtue and shunning vice, and enriching dialogue in an
open Muslim society.
- Comprehensive reform of the
Associations for the Propagation of Virtue and the Deterrence of Vice
(Hai'at al-Amr bi al-Ma'rouf wa alNahl 'an at-Munkar). A precise law
must be adopted specifying their functions and the method they must
follow, and setting strict rules for hiring chiefs and members of
precincts, to ensure judicious and tactful preaching.
- Although we believe that nurturing the
new generation is the highest duty of Muslim women, we nevertheless
believe that there are numerous fields of public life where women can
be allowed to participate - within the scope of the Shari'a - thus
honoring them and acknowledging their role in building society.
- God revealed His holy books, and
sent His prophets, to educate and nurture humanity, proving that
education is the foremost important basis for the renaissance and
progress of nations. We believe that our country's educational system
is in need of comprehensive fundamental reform to enable it to
graduate faithful genera are qualified to contribute positively and
effectively in building the present and the future of the country, and
to face the challenge, enabling us to catch up with the caravan of
nations vastly surpassed
us in every field
Published in Saudi Arabia's New Basic Laws, Middle
East Watch, New York, 1992 |
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