BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AUTOMOBILE
The invention of the automobile is not the product of a single man, single country or a single generation in any country. It is the evolution and development of many men of different generation and different countries.
The real history of automobile was started during 15th century (i.e., during Leonardo Da Vinci's period). But up to 18th century it was not seriously considered for development in practice.
Captain Nicholas Cugnot, a French Engineer is considered to be the father of "The Automobile". He built the first road vehicle in 1769 which was propelled by its own power. Actually this vehicle was a 3 wheeler with a steam engine having four seats. It attained a speed of about 2.5 miles per hour only for a period of 15 minutes. During 1770, he built another self-propelled vehicle which could run at 8m.p.h carrying 4 to tons of weight.
Richard Trevithick of England first built a practical full sized steam automobile in 1801.
Julis Griffith of England built the first comfortable steam vechicle in 1821.
Onesiphore Pacquaur of France took out a patent on the differential for road vehicle in 1827.
Etienne Lenoir of France constructed an internal combustion engine which ran by gas during 1860. Two years later, he fitted one of his engines in a vehicle. He drove it for about 6 miles.
Karl Benz of Germany built a tricycle with an I.C. Engine in 1885-86 which was working on Otto Cycle. The speed of this was 10 m.p.h and produced 8 H.P.
In 1886, Daimler produced a four-wheeled vehicle with high-speed gas engine (800 r.p.m to 1000 r.p.m) which was considered as the greatest achievement in the history of automobile.
In 1890, Charles Duryea, J.Frank Duryea, Elwood Haynes, Henry Ford and E. Wintorn manufactured a gasoline automobile in America.
Penhard and Levassor of France developed a first gasoline automobile which incorporated many of the essential features of the present day automobile in 1895. This car contained a vertical engine, mordern type of chassis, sliding gear transmission operated by right hand, clutch, brake and a foot operated accelerator.
Before 1900 considerable work was carried in Germany, France, England and America on the development of gasoline automobile. Until 1910, the automobile was in the experimental work.
During 1900-1906, the production and sales of automobile became a real business. The world's largest manufacturing industry was to be built in America. In America alone, there were 121 car manufacturers in which some of the familiar names are Chrysler, Nash, Hudson, Packard, Auto car, Oldsmobile, White, Ford Cadillac, Buick overland, Maxwell, Franklin etc.
Ford started an automobile industry with an initial run of 20,000 vehicles in 1908, this was the period when the mass production was begun at the lowest possible price.
The year 1920 was the period of gradual change and refinement in the automobile design. The spark ignition gasoline engine was made with compact, light, high speed, less vibration, air or water cooled and noiseless in nature. The engines were located in the front of the chassis. The sliding gear transmission and poppet valve was used in almost every engine.
HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE IN INDIA
In 1898, an American Company imported three "Oldsmobile's" cars into Bombay (Mumbai). One of which was sold to Janshedji Tata, an Industrialist. This was the first motor car in India.
In 1903, an American Company began to operate a public taxi service with a fleet of 50 cars.
In order to create and manufacture indigenous product, two automobile factories were setup in India. They were the Premier Automobile Ltd., Kolkatta in 1944.
Now-a-days, there are many automobile industries manufacturing automobile vehicles. The Maharastra and Tamil Nadu are the major states which are producing most of the automobile and auxiliary manufacturing units
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