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Working in Groups

Living and working in harmony within groups for technical, social and emotional needs

Topics	Points	Elaboration
Grouping	Definitions	Group: >= 2 individuals Informal: social & emotional needs Formal: organisational needs Workgroup: sharing to help other group members Team: 1+1 >2
Grouping	Why groups?	Common needs, interests Goals Physical proximity Cultural similarity
Group development process	Tuckman's 5 stage theory of group development	Independence Interdependence Independence
	Forming	Orientation Socialisation
	Storming	Fitness Roles, niches
	Norming	Co-ordination Expectations Teamwork
	Performing	Formalisation of objectives Performance Contribution
	Adjourning	Termination Disband
Group characteristics	Structure	Role structure: Task roles: to achieve goals Maintenance roles: maintain / build group
		Communication structure: Sharing Dealing with conflicts
	Cohesiveness	Group factors: similarities Organisational factors Environmental factors
	Group norms	Acceptable Pivotal norms: guide behaviour Peripheral norms: supplementary
	Group cohesiveness	Socio-emotional Instrumental cohesiveness: urgency of job Too cohesive: works for group, against organisation?
	Group decision-making	Adv.: variety, pool of talents Disadv.: time high, conformity, dominance Techniques: brainstorm, face-face, Delphi anonymous, electronic
	Groupthink	Not being critical of members
	Groupshift	Tendency to rely on group decisions
	Miscellaneous	Member resources, skills, experiences, personalities
	Group effectiveness	Task criteria: output Q. Member satisfaction
Team	Evolution	Shared leadership Collective accountability Problem-solving focus Effective outcomes
Team	Characteristics	Clear, listening Participating Open, sharing, diversified styles Consensus, conflicts resolution swift & decisive

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