A series of technical developments in the recent years has resulted into package dyeing being developed into a highly sophisticated as well as an economic process. Latest design Package Dyeing machines are amenable to accurate control and automation. These features would likely to lead to increases in the application of package dyeing. The term package dyeing usually denotes for dyeing of yarn that has been wound on perforated cores. This helps in forcing the dye liquor through the package. With the start of dyeing cycle, the dye liquor goes on circulating throughout the vessel and tank. This happens till all the dye is used up or fully exhausted. The dye flows through to the yarn package with the help of the deliberate perforations in the tube package. Once full exhaustion is brought about, the carrier of coloured yarn is consequently removed from the vessel. A large centrifuge removes excess water from the packages. Finally the yarn is dried using an infra red drying oven. The image shows the process working of a Package dyeing machine.

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Package dyeing methodologies have been subjected to intensive research and development. As a result package dyeing machine has evolved into a very sophisticated apparatus. It offers a number of advantages.

• Considerable reduction in yarn handling.
• Compatible to automatic control, in the process leading to reproducible dyeings.
• Open to large batches.
• High temperature dyeing a possibility.
• Low liquor ratios, giving savings in water, effluent and energy.
• Uniform and High rates of liquor circulation, that leads to level application of dyes.
• Machinery, totally enclosed resulting in good working conditions at the dyehouse.

A few types of package dyeing machines are described here:

Vertical Spindle Machines
Vertical spindle machines are common today. The packages are press packed onto the vertical carrier spindles so as to increase the payload. It also aids in the dye liquor circulation and minimising the liquor to fiber ratio. Machineries of this sort can operate at liquor ratios as low as 6:1. The following Figure shows a typical package dyeing machine where the yarn packages are held on multiple spindles. An overhead crane system makes yarn carrier to be entered and removed from the machine room.



Horizontal Spindle Machines
This is an alternative configuration for the vertical spindle machine. Here, the dyeing kier is mounted horizontally and the yarn carrier is introduced from a trolley. This arrangement effectively replaces the need for crane. Horizontal Spindle Machines has simplified the design of the dyehouse building.

Tube Type Machines
Tube type machines have a series of vertical or horizontal tubes into which package carriers get inserted. The tubes that form the individual dyeing vessels are linked by common circulation pumps and pipe work. These type of machines offers the advantage of flexibility than the above mentioned types. This is because individual tubes can easily be blanked off to change the overall load limit of the machine.