| 4. LITERATURE REVIEW The first authentic information about the fishes of Nepal was given by Hamilton (1822) in his work entitled �An Account of the Fishes Found in the River Ganges and its Branches� which provided the description of 269 species of fishes of the Ganges and its tributaries. Gunther (1861) reported some cold-blooded vertebrates including fishes collected by Hodgson in Nepal. Day (1886) mentioned the distribution of some fresh water fishes of Nepal in his historical work �Fishes of India, Burma and Ceylon�. Boulenger (1907) reported a collection of Nepalese fishes and western Himalayan fishes. Regan (1907) reported a small collection Nepalese fishes. Hora (1937) obtained a collection of fishes from Nepal through Colonel Bailey which included 158 specimens of 22 species. Menon (1949, 1954) collected fishes from the Koshi Himalayan region belonging to 11 families comprising 26 genera and 52 species. He also provided informative description of zoogeography of the fishes of Nepal. Taft (1955) submitted a report on his survey of fishes of Nepal and collected 94 species of fishes from Kathmandu and adjoining areas. De Witt (1960) examined the collection of Taft (1955) and Swan (1954) and prepared a checklist of 102 species of fishes belonging to 21 families collected during California Himalayan Expedition to Makalu. Other important ichthyologists who have studied the taxonomy of fresh water fishes and described some of the fishes of Nepal are Das (1967), Misra (1959), Shaw and Shebbeare (1937) and Shrivastava (1968). Most of the above mentioned studies were mainly based on taxonomic point of view and do not consider the ecology and behaviour of fishes. Thapa and Rajbanshi (1965) studied various aspects on the development of the fisheries in Nepal. Majupuria (1969) introduced a paper on socio-economic condition of fishermen of Kathmandu valley. Bhatta and Shrestha (1973) have studied the fish fauna of Suklaphanta and listed 27 species of fishes. Ferro and Swar (1978) made survey on biological and limnological condition of lakes and natural waters in Pokhara valley with reference to the existing fish population, their feeding habits and biology. Shrestha (1979) studied the resource biology and aquatic ecology of fresh water of Kathmandu valley with particular reference to fish production, marketing, management and conservation. Shrestha (1981) in his book �Wildlife of Nepal� commented on ecology, distribution and biology of the fishes of Nepal. Shrestha (1970-1986) has worked extensively on the fish fauna of Nepal and published her findings in various journals. She has published a book entitled �Fishes of Nepal� in 1981, describing scientific details of 120 species. Rajbanshi (1982) gave a report of a general bibliography on fish and fisheries of Nepal. Jha (1983) studied on the fishery resources of the Karnali River describing the distribution, economic importance and taxonomy of 51 fish species. Joshi (1988) studied the relation of physico-chemical parameters with the fish fauna of the Sunkoshi River. With the development of Karnali Multipurpose Project, environment impact and mitigation studies have been made (Himalayan Power Consultants, 1989). Similarly environmental and socio-economic impact studies were made in Arun Hydroelectric Project (New ERA, 1989). Spawning ecology and behaviour and migration pattern of the fishes in the upper Arun have also been studied (New ERA, 1991). The fish fauna of Pokhara lakes have been studied by various authors (Ferro, 1980; John, 1982; Shrestha, 1981). The limnological studies of some of the lakes have been done by Loffler (1969), Hickel (1973) and Hirono (1955). Masuda and Karki (1980) provided a checklist of fish fauna of the Trishuli River in which they have reported 6 families, 16 genera and 28 species. Shrestha (1991) reported 59 cold water fish species from the natural water bodies of mountainous and Himalayan region. Sapkota (1992) studied fishery ecology of swamplands of Koshi River. Shrestha (1992) studied fishery ecology of the fishes in the flood plain of the Koshi River. Karna (1993) studied on the fishery ecology of the Trishuli River. Shrestha (1994) reported fishes, fishing implements and methods of Nepal. She has described 66 genera and 129 species of fish reported so far by the authoress and by the other scholars interested in the area of fish. Biodiversity Profiles Project (1995) described the status of fish species in Nepal based on Shrestha (1995) who enumerated the fishes of Nepal. According to her enumeration there are one hundred and eighty five indigenous fish species found in Nepal. Despite a large number of contributions cited above, much remains to be done on the ecology and behaviour of fishes living in the hill streams and their relationship with the water quality. Thus the present study entitled �Study on the Fish Biodiversity and Fishery Resources of the Tinau River� is carried out to contribute further knowledge about the fish fauna and productivity of Tinau River. It is hoped that this study will help in planning, conservation and management for the intensive aquaculture development of the fresh water hill streams. |
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