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Classroom Instruction That Works
Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Students Achievement

By Robert J. Marzano, Debra J. Pickering, and Jane E. Pollack
Chapter 8: Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback
Students need to realize the short and long term goals that are expect them to achieve, that will help them to defined and establish a direction for their learning. However, caution should be taken as students could ignore information not specifically related to the goal. The goals that teachers established for their students should be flexible enough to provide students with some flexibility. A contract is a way to provide students with some specifics of what is expect them to achieve, in this way they will know exactly what is expect from them.

Feedback is an important way for the students to know what they are doing correctly or incorrectly. On providing good feedback, teachers need to include explanation of what is accurate or inaccurate according to the students' responses, and ask them to keep working on a task until they succeed; that will enhance their achievement. Feedback needs to be given in a timely manner. The more delay a feedback occurs, the less improvement there is in achievement. A good feedback is the personal one where students will have a whole assessment of their own performance. It is better to inform students where they stand regarding knowledge or skills than comparing them to the other students; the more specific the feedback the better. Teachers can share the feedback roles with students as research indicates that students can effectively monitor their own progress.
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