dokuzbu

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(Geni� Zaman)

G�nl�k rutin i�lerden, s�k s�k tekrarlanan olaylardan, al��kanl�klardan, hobilerden, programlardan, bir tak�m genellemelerden ve bilimsel ger�eklerden bahsederken kullan�lan zamand�r. �rneklere bak�n:

I get up at 7 o�clock in the morning. (Sabahlar� 7�de kalkar�m.)
People grow rice in Boyabat. (Boyabat�ta pirin� yeti�tirirler.)
Ali smokes a packet of cigarettes a day. (Ali g�nde bir paket siagara i�er.)
We like fishing. (Bal�k tutmay� seviyoruz.)
The English lesson starts at 10.30 on Tuesdays. (�ngilizce dersi Sal� g�nleri 10.30�da ba�lar.)
Dogs chase cats. (K�pekler kedileri kovalar.)
The earth goes round the sun. (D�nya g�ne�in etraf�nda d�ner.)

Olumlu c�mlede ��e dizili�i:

Subject + verb + object + adverb of place + adverb of time
�zne    +   fiil    + nesne   +     yer zarf�         +    zaman zarf�
   We      play   basketball in the school garden   at weekends.

DO / DON�T

Geni� zamanda soru c�mlesi yapmak ya da olumsuz c�mle kurmak i�in bir yard�mc� fiile ihtiya� vard�r.
A�a��daki c�mlelere bak�n. Bu c�mleleri olumsuz yapmak i�in �not� s�zc��n� kullanman�z yeterlidir. Bu c�mleleri basit birer evet/hay�r sorusuna �evirmek i�inse; be, have/has ve can s�zc�klerini c�mlenin ba��na almak yeterlidir.

I am lazy. ___ I�m not lazy. ____ Am I lazy?
He has got a bike. ____ He hasn�t got a bike. _____ Has he got a bike?
You can play the guitar. ____ You can�t play the guitar. ___ Can you play the guitar?

Ancak, e�er c�mlede �am, is, are�, �have / has got� ya da �can� s�zc�kleri yoksa;

You like milk. (Bu c�mlede oldu�u gibi.)

Bak�n o zaman ne yap�yoruz:

You don�t like milk. _______ Do you like milk?

They live in a big house.

They don�t live in a big house. ______ Do they live in a big house?

Demek ki, olumsuz c�mlelerde ve soru c�mlelerinde �do� bizim yard�mc� fiilimiz oluyor. As�l fiil ile kar��t�rmamak gerekir.

Tipik bir hata: They do their homework. DO�RU
                        They don�t * their homework. YANLI�! (��nk� c�mlenin as�l fiili yok.)
                        They don�t do their homework. DO�RU
                        Do they * their homework? YANLI�! (��nk� c�mlenin as�l fiili yok.)
                        Do they do their homework? DO�RU

K�sa cevaplarda �do�:

�Do you speak English ?�               �Yes, I do.� (Yes, I speak English.)
�Do you speak French?�                �No, I don�t.� (No, I don�t speak French.)

DOES / DOESN�T

Geni� zamanl� olumlu c�mlelerde e�er �zne ��nc� tekil �ah�s ise (yani HE/SHE/IT), fiil �s tak�s� al�r. A�a��daki paragrafta b�t�n fiilerin �s� harfi ile bitti�ine dikkate edin.

Serdar U�ar is an English teacher. He comes from Turkey. He lives in Kastamonu and works in a High School. He speaks English and a little German. He is married and has a son. He likes driving and playing the guitar in his free time.

-s tak�s�n�n eklenmesiyle ilgili kurallar

-es : fiil ��s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o� harfleriyle bitiyorsa bu fiillere �es tak�s� eklenir.

dress- dresses, pass-passes, finish-finishes, wash, washes, watch-watches, catch,catches,
fix � fixes, do � does, go-goes

-y � ies: fiil bir sessiz harf ve �y� harfiyle bitiyorsa �y� harfi �i� harfine d�n��r ve sonra �es tak�s� eklenir.

study �studies, try � tries,
fry- fries, cry-cries

Geni� zamanda olumsuz c�mle kurmak i�in �do� yard�mc� fiiline ihtiyac�m�z oldu�unu biliyoruz. �rne�in:
I don�t speak French.
Ancak �znemiz ��nc� �ah�s oldu�unda �s tak�s� kural�n� bu kez yard�mc� fiile uygulayaca��z. (Do/Does)
Yani �s tak�s�n� as�l fiileden al�p yard�mc� fiile aktar�yoruz. A�a��daki olumlu ve olumsuz c�mleleri inceleyin.

She speaks French.____ She doesn�t speak Frech.
Jack reads a lot. _____ Jack doesn�t read a lot.
He does sports. ____ He doesn�t do sports.
My sister has a motorbike.____ My sister doesn�t have a motorbike.

Soru c�mlesi yaparlen de durum ayn�d�r. �s tak�s� yard�mc� fiile gitmi�tir.

�Does he get up late in the morning?�         �Yes, he does.�
�Does Tom come from Texas?�                   �No, he doesn�t. He comes from California.�
�What does Joe do?�                                    �He is a gardener.�
�How many children does he have?�            �Two�
�What does your brother study at university?�     �He studies literature.�

FREQUENCY ADVERBS

1) ALWAYS, NEVER, SOMETIMES, USUALLY, OFTEN, RARELY
Bunlar s�ras�yla �her zaman, asla, bazen, genellike, s�k s�k, nadiren� anlamlar�na gelirler ve olumlu c�mlede hemen �zneden sonra yer al�rlar.

She always goes to work by car.
*I never watch TV in the morning.
We sometimes go for a picnic at weekends.
She usually has lunch at school.
Kate often plays basketball after school.
I rarely drink milk in the morning.

�never� s�zc�� c�mleye olumsuz anlam y�kler.
I never smoke. = I don�t smoke.
�very often� olumsuz c�mlelerin sonunda kullan�l�r.
I don�t go to the cinema very often. (Ben sinemaya pek s�k gitmem.)

2. every day, once a week, twice a day, three times a month, four days a week gibi s�kl�k zarflar� c�mlenin sonunda yer al�r.
              I brush my teeth twice a day.
              Mary goes to work four days a week.
             The children play football every day.

3. How often...? sorusu bir i�in ne s�kl�kla yap�ld��n� sorar.

            �How often do you have a bath?�        �Two or three times a week.�
            �How often does your uncle visit you?�       �Once a motnh.�
            �How often do they eat out?�                �Only on Sundays.�

Soru S�zc�kleri (Who, What, Where, How, When, Why)

Soru s�zc�klerinin �zelli�i c�mlenin ba��nda yer almalar�d�r. Kendilerinden sonra ise yard�mc� fiil ve �zne gelir.

What do you do?                   What sports do you like?
Whay foreign languages do you speak?
Where do they come from?      Where does she live?
Who do you need?              How does he go to work?
When does the film start?        How often do you brush your teeth?
Why does it rain a lot in Rize?   How much money do you have?

*Who and What

Bu iki soru s�zc�� i�i yapan� yani �zneyi sordu�unda yard�mc� fiile gerek yoktur. Ayr�ca bu iki s�zc�k ��nc� tekil �ahs�n yerini tuttu�u i�in fill daima �s tak�s� al�r. Bu t�r sorular�n yap�s� olumlu c�mle yap�s� gibidir.

Who wants some ice-cream? (Kim biraz dondurma ister?)
Who has a computer? (Kimin bilgisayar� var?)
Who plays the guitar in your class? (S�n�f�n�zda kim gitar �al�yor?)

What makes two by two? (�ki kere iki ka� eder?)
What makes your mother angry the most? (Anneni en �ok ne k�zd�r�r?)
What animal likes cheese? (Hangi hayvan peyniri sever?)

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
(Gelecek zaman)

BE GOING TO (I�m going to do something.)

We use �be going to� for future plans.

Gelecekle ilgili planlardan bahsederken �be going to� kulan�r�z. Bunlar �nceden karar verdi�imiz ve kesinlikle yapmaya niyetli oldu�umuz �eylerdir.

I�ve got a ticket. I�m going to go to the concert.
(Biletim var. Konsere gidece�im.)
There�s a good film on TV tonight. The children are going to watch it.
(Bu gece televizyonda g�zel bir film var. �ocuklar onu izleyecek.)
Angel is going to go home and study History. Because she is going to have an exam tomorrow.
(Angel eve gidip tarih �al��acak. ��nk� yar�n s�nav olacak.)

Dikkat!       I�m going to go.
Bu c�mledeki iki �go�yu kar��t�rmayal�m. �going to� sizin yard�mc� fiilinizdir. T�rk�e�deki �ecek ekini kar��lar. �kinci �go� ise sizin as�l fiilinizdir.

Gelecek zamanda kullan�lan zaman zarflar�:

Today
Tonight
This morning / this efternoon / this evening / this month / this year / this winter
Tomorrow: tomorrow / tomorrow moning / tomorrow afternoon
Next: next Saturday / next week / next weekend / next month / next year / next summer
After: after two days / after four months / after ten years / the day after tomorrow
Later: two days later / four months later / ten years later
Soon / very soon

Positive and neagtive form:

I                             am
He/She/It                 is          (not)     going to          do/go/work/play...
We/You/They          are

I�m going to have a birthday party next week.
They�re going to move to �stanbul next month.
Tim isn�t going to play in the match on Friday.
I�m not going to write her a letter.

Yes/No Questions:

Am         I
Is            he/she/it                 going to             do/go/work/play...?
Are         we/you/they

Are you going to do the shopping today?
Is Hasan going to buy that computer?
Am I going to wear a suit to the party?

Short answers:
Yes, I am. / No, I�m not. / Yes, he is. / No, he isn�t. / Yes, we are. / No, we aren�t.

�Are you going to watch the film tonight?�   �Yes, I am.�
�Is your father give you any money?�            �No, he isn�t.�
�Are they going to help you this afternoon?    �Yes, they are.�

Question words: What / Who / Where / When / How / Why

What are you going to do after school?
What time is he going to come back?
Who is going to cook dinner?
Where are they going to go for their holiday this summer?
When is Jack going to repair the car?
How am I going to travel to London?
How many students are going to join the club?
Why is he going to leave home early tomorrow morning?

Note: We also use �be going to� for strong predictions. G��l� tahminlerde bulurken de �be going to� kullan�r�z.

Look at that black clouds. It�s going to rain. (�u kara bulutlara bak. Ya�mur ya�acak.)
I feel terrible. I think I�m going to be ill. (Kendimi berbat hissediyorum. San�r�m hasta olaca��m.)

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