Homework
 The effects of modernisation on demographic change

Measuring Development

We take into account:

• GNP
• Life Expectancy
• Adult Literacy
• Infant Mortality
• Education

Indicators

1. Economic
2. Social
3. Demographic

Econmic Indicators

• G.N.P
• • Expressed in a common currency ie. $US
• P.P.P
• •  
  • Purchasing Power Parity
  • Number of units of currency need to purchase the same amounts of goods that 1 $US would buy.
• G.D.P
• •  
  • Gross Domestic Product
  • Total value of goods produced by a country over a period of 1 year.

Demographic Indicators

Of the world's six billion people, around 80% live in less developed countries. Of that 80% the populations of less developed countries are increasing by 1.7% as opposed to 0.1% in developed countries and in the long term the percentage share will increase. The rate of natural increase is difference of the death and birth rate of a country expressed as a percentage rather than per 1000.

Demographic Transition:

Developing countries appear to be in stages 2/3 where as nations are in stage 4, this is evident in the growth rates.

Stage 1: is characterized by high birth and death rates, so populaton growth is slow.
Stage 2: Death rates begin to fall, while birth rates still remain high. This increase is a rapid population growth, particularly as the gap between
              birth and death rates widens.
Stage 3: birth rates also begin to fall and death rates continue to decline. This stage is also marked by rapid population increase,  which only begins
              to slow when the rate of natural increase slows.
Stage 4: sees low birth rate and death rates, population begins to stabilise.
Stage 5: sceptical. In some european countries death rates have started to exceed birth rates.

Excercise 4.5
The vital rates of both of the countries have gradually decreased from the end of the 19th century. However, Inodonesia's has a larger gap between the Birth Rate and Death Rate

Economic Development and Population Change

Economic development was seen by Notestein as the main driving force behind population change. The demographic change model put forward by Rostow's Model.
 
 

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