STUDY GUIDES:

Israeli Law

Israeli Military Orders

International Law

International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Wall

Background Principles	HOW THE BASIC CATEGORIES OF LAWS WORK TO VIOLATE CIVIL RIGHTS: III. LAWS & OTHER MEASURES SUPPRESSING REBELLION - laws (which often violate international laws and standards of human and civil rights) by which the Israeli government suppresses Palestinian rebellion against Israeli discrimination, oppression and exploitation ...
Point to be Examined	3. Legalizing Human Rights Violations - The Defence (Emergency) Regulations of 1945 empower the government and military to employ measures of law enforcement that violate international human rights laws, and even ordinary Israeli law and procedures. These regulations were originally developed by the British Mandate Government which ruled over the area prior to the creation of the State of Israel. At that time they were protested vehemently by all groups involved in the area, including the Zionist groups. But once the Zionist groups started the State of Israel, they almost immediately began employing them within the State of Israel against all extremist groups, but especially in the Arab communities. Finally, in 1966, they officially repealed them in the State of Israel, but continue to use them in the occupied territories. While in use in the occupied territories, they have amended some of them significantly, for example adding more opportunity to appeal their use. Some of the most protested of the regulations are listed and quoted below -- * Responses of International Human Rights Law to regulations like these - see bottom of this page --
Details Requested - Summaries & Quotes	Reg. 84. Unlawful Association -- empowers an Israeli government official or military commander to declare any body or persons or organization, whether incorporated or not, to be an unlawful association. Thus any person who joins such an organization, or attends their meetings may be subject to fine or imprisonment (see quote below); Reg. 94. Censorship of Newspapers -- This regulation has been expanded to include all forms of modern publication and media (textbooks, videos, etc.) (see quote below); Reg. 110. Home Area Detentions -- this regulation empowers the area commander to order civilians to stay in any place of his chosing, and for as long as he choses (see quote below); Reg. 111. Administrative Detention -- Imprisonment (individuals or groups) without charges or trial, called officially 'administrative detention'. The military has amended the regulation to include system of review and appeal (see quote below); Reg. 112. Deportation -- (individuals or groups) without trial or charges (see quote below); Reg. 119. Home demolition -- or private or commercial property demolition (on individual or entire neighborhoods) without charges or trial (see quote below); Reg. 124 & 125. Curfew & Closures -- (for individuals or entire neighborhoods or village lands) without charges or trial (see quote below). (*** International Human Rights Law response to regulations like these - see bottom of this page ***) DEFENSE (EMERGENCY) REGULATIONS (1945) PART VII -- UNLAWFUL ASSOCIATIONS REGULATION 84: Meaning of expression "unlawful association" 84. In this part, the expression "unlawful association" means any body of persons, whether incorporated or unincorporated and by whatsoever name (if any) it may from time to time be known; which -- (a) by its constitution or propaganda or otherwise advocates, incites or encourages any of the following unlawful acts, that is to say -- (i) the overthrow by force or violence of the constitution of Palestine or the Government of Palestine; (ii) the bringing into hatred or contempt of, or the exciting of disaffection against, His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom or the Government of Palestine or the High Commissioner in his official capacity; (iii) the destruction of or injury to property of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom or of the Government of Palestine; (iv) acts of terrorism directed against servants of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom or against the High Commissioner or against servants of the Government of Palestine; or which has committed or has claimed to have been responsible for, or to have been concerned in, any such acts as are mentioned in sub-paragraph (ii), (iii) or (iv) of this paragraph; or (b) is declared by the High Commissioner, by notification in the Gazette, to be an unlawful association, PART VIII - CENSORSHIP Regulation 94 - Newspaper Permits 94. (1) No newspaper shall be printed or published unless the proprietor thereof shall have obtained a permit under the hand of the District Commissioner of the District in which the newspaper is being, or is to be, printed. (2) The District Commissioner, in his discretion and without assigning any reason therefor, may grant or refuse any such permit and may attach conditions thereto and may at any time suspend or revoke any such permit or vary or delete any conditions attached to the permit or attach new conditions thereto. (3) Any person who contravenes this regulation or the conditions of any permit thereunder and the proprietor and editor of the newspaper in relation to which the contravention occurs shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. PART X - RESTRICTION ORDERS, POLICE SUPERVISION, DETENTION AND DEPORTATION Regulation 110 - Police Supervision 110. (1) A Military Commander may by order direct that any person shall be placed under police supervision for any period not exceeding one year. (2) Any person placed under police supervision by order as aforesaid shall be subject to all or any of the following restrictions as the Military Commander may direct, that is to say -- (a) he shall be required to reside within the limits of any area in Palestine specified by the Military Commander in the order; (b) he shall not be permitted to transfer his residence to any other area in the same police district without the written authority of the District Superintendent of Police, or to any other police district without the written authority of the Inspector General of Police; (c) he shall not leave the town, village or Sub-District within which he resides without the written authority of the District Superintendent of Police; (d) he shall at all times keep the District Superintendent of Police of the police district in which he resides notified of the house or the place in which he resides; (e) he shall be liable, whenever called upon so to do by the officer in charge of the police in the area in which he resides, to present himself at the nearest police station; (f) he shall remain within the doors of his residence from one hour after sunset until sunrise, and may be visited at his residence at any time by the police. (3) Any person in respect of whom an order has been made under subregulations (1) and (2) may be arrested by any police officer or by any member of His Majesty's forces and conveyed to the area in which he should be. (4) If any person against whom an order has been made as aforesaid contravenes the terms of the said order or of this regulation, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Regulation 111 - Detention 111. (1) A Military Commander may by order direct that any person shall be detained for any period not exceeding one year in such place of detention as may be specified by the Military Commander in the order. (2) Where an order is made under this regulation against a person in relation to whom an order under regulation 109 or 110 is in force, the order under this regulation shall be deemed to replace such other order. (3) Any person in respect of whom an order has been made by the Military Commander under subregulation (1) may be arrested by any member of His Majesty's forces or of the Police Force and conveyed to the place of detention specified in such order. (4) For the purposes of this regulation, there shall be one or more advisory committees consisting of persons appointed by the High Commissioner, and the chairman of any such committee shall be a person who holds or has held high judicial office or is or has been a senior officer of the Government. The functions of any such committee shall be to consider, and make recommendations to the Military Commander with respect to, any objections against any order under this regulation which are duly made to the committee by the person to whom the order relates. (5) Any person in respect of whom an order has been made under this regulation who commits any of the offences specified in subregulation (7) hereof may be arrested by any police officer without warrant, and shall be liable upon conviction by a Magistrate's Court to imprisonment for six months or to a fine of one hundred pounds or to both such imprisonment and fine, or such person may be punished by the officer in charge of the place of detention with any of the punishments set out in Part I of the Sixth Schedule to the Prison Rules (Laws of Palestine, p. 2022), and (a) if punished with a fine shall in addition to such fine be retained in a place of detention in accordance with the order issued under subregulation (1), or (b) if sentenced to imprisonment for a term less than the unexpired period of his detention, shall on the completion of such term be again detained in accordance with the order issued under subregualtion (1). (6) The Commissioner of Prisons may give orders or directions as to the internal management of and otherwise in connection with any place of detention specified in any order made under subregulation (1) and as to the discipline of all persons detained therein. (7) Any person detained in a place of detention in accordance with the provisions of this regulation who commits any of the following acts shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations and shall be punishable as provided in subregulation (5): -- (a) fails to obey or comply with any orders or directions given by the Commissioner of Prisons as to discipline or otherwise under subregulation (6), or with any order lawfully given under the authority of any such orders or directions; (b) fails to obey any order given to him by the officer in charge of the place of detention: the officer in charge of the place of detention shall be the senior prison officer present in such place of detention at any given time; (c) uses abusive or indecent language or is indecent in act or gesture; (d) shouts or makes unnecessary noise within a place of detention; (e) commits any nuisance within a place of detention; (f) refuses or neglects to conform with any lawful order or direction which has been brought to his notice in any manner; (g) threatens with violence any other detained person; (h) treats with disrespect any officer or person employed in or in connection with a place of detention; (i) has in his possession any article contrary to the orders or directions of the officer in charge of the place of his detention; (j) makes any false accusation against any officer or person employed in a place of detention; (k) strikes or uses violence against any officer or person employed in a place of detention or against any other detained person; (l) takes part in, or incites any person to, violence or insubordination of any kind; (m) escapes, or conspires to escape, or assists any other detained person to escape, from the place of his detention; (n) wilfully damages any article or Government property to which he may have access, or any part of a place of detention; (o) attempts to commit any of the foregoing offences. Regulation 112 -- Deportation 112. (1) The High Commissioner shall have power to make an order under his hand (hereinafter in these Regulations referred to as "a Deportation Order") requiring any person to leave and remain out of Palestine. (2) The High Commissioner shall have power by order under his hand to require any person who is out of Palestine to remain out of Palestine. A person with respect to whom such an order is published shall so long as the order is in force remain out of Palestine. An order under this regulation may be made subject to such terms and conditions as the High Commissioner may think fit. (3) A person with respect to whom a Deportantion Order is made shall leave Palestine in accordance with the order and shall thereafter so long as the order is in force remain out of Palestine. (4) A person with respect to whom a Deportation Order is made, whilst awaiting deportation and whilst being conveyed to any vessel, train, aircraft or vehicle in Palestine, shall be liable to be kept in custody in such manner as the High Commissioner may by the Deportation Order or otherwise direct and whilst in that custody shall be deemed to be in lawful custody. (5) The master of a ship or pilot of an aircraft about to call at any port or place outside Palestine shall, if so directed by the High Commimssioner, recieve a person against whom a Deportation Order has been made on board the ship or aircraft and afford him a passage to that port or place, and proper accommodation and maintenance during the passage. PART XII - MISCELLANEOUS PENAL PROVISIONS Regulation 119 - Forfeiture and demolition of property, etc. 119. (1) A Military Commander may by order direct the forfeiture to the Government of Palestine of any house, structure, or land from which he has reason to suspect that any firearm has been illegally discharged, or any bomb, grenade or explosive or incendiary article illegally thrown, or of any house, structure or land situated in any area, town, village, quarter or street the inhabitants or some of the inhabitants of which he is satisfied have committed, or attempted to commit, or abetted the commission of, or been accessories after the fact to the commission of, any offence against these Regulations involving violence or intimidation or any Military Court offence ; and when any house, structure or land is forfeited as aforesaid, the Military Commander may destroy the house or the structure or anything on growing on the land. (2) Members of His Majesty's forces or of the Police Force, acting under the authority of the Military Commander may seize and occupy, without compensation, any property in any such area, town, village, quarter or street as is referred to in subregulation (1), after eviction without compensation, of the previous occupiers, if any. PART XIII - MOVEMENTS OF PERSONS, TRAFFIC Regulation 124 - Curfew 124. A Military Commander may by order require every person within any area specified in the order to remain within doors between such hours as may be specified in the order, and in such case, if any person is or remains out of doors within that area between such hours without a permit in writing issued by or on behalf of the Military Commander or some person duly authorised by the Military Commander to issue such permits, he shall be guilty of an offence gainst these Regulations. Regulation 125 - Closed Areas 125. A Miltary Commander may by order declare any area or place to be a closed area for the purposes of these Regulations. Any person who, during any period in which any such order is in force in relation to any area or place, enters or leaves that area or place without a permit in writing issued by or on behalf of the Military Commander shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations.
International Human Rights Law concerning this form of Human Rights violations..	Here is what some of the international laws say about this type of systematic violation of human rights in order to suppress rebellion against oppression and exploitation: Summaries of some of the Defense (Emergency) Regulations (1945) 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (10 December 1948) Reg. 84. Unlawful Association -- empowers an Israeli government official or military commander to declare any body or persons or organization, whether incorporated or not, to be an unlawful association. Thus any person who joins such an organization, or attends their meetings may be subject to fine or imprisonment. Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. Article 20. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. Article 23. (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. Reg. 94. Censorship of Newspapers -- This regulation has been expanded to include all forms of modern publication and media (textbooks, videos, etc.). Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. Reg. 110. Home Area Detentions -- this regulation empowers the area commander to order civilians to stay in any place of his chosing, and for as long as he choses. Article 13. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. Reg. 111. Administrative Detention -- Imprisonment (individuals or groups) without charges or trial, called officially 'administrative detention'. The military has amended the regulation to include system of review and appeal. Article 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. Article 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. Reg. 112. Deportation -- (individuals or groups) without trial or charges. Article 13. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. Reg. 119. Home demolition -- or private or commercial property demolition (on individual or entire neighborhoods) without charges or trial. Article 17. (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. Reg. 124 & 125. Curfew & Closures -- (for individuals or entire neighborhoods or village lands) without charges or trial. Article 13. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. Summaries of some of the Defense (Emergency) Regulations (1945) 2. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (21 December 1965) Reg. 84. Unlawful Association -- empowers an Israeli government official or military commander to declare any body or persons or organization, whether incorporated or not, to be an unlawful association. Thus any person who joins such an organization, or attends their meetings may be subject to fine or imprisonment. Article 5. In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights: (d) Other civil rights, in particular: (ix) The right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association; Reg. 94. Censorship of Newspapers -- This regulation has been expanded to include all forms of modern publication and media (textbooks, videos, etc.). Article 5. In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights: (d) Other civil rights, in particular: (viii) The right to freedom of opinion and expression; Reg. 110. Home Area Detentions -- this regulation empowers the area commander to order civilians to stay in any place of his chosing, and for as long as he choses. Article 5. In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights: (d) Other civil rights, in particular: (i) The right to freedom of movement and residence within the border of the State; (ii) The right to leave any country, including one's own, and to return to one's country; Reg. 111. Administrative Detention -- Imprisonment (individuals or groups) without charges or trial, called officially 'administrative detention'. The military has amended the regulation to include system of review and appeal. Article 5. In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights: (a) The right to equal treatment before the tribunals and all other organs administering justice; Reg. 112. Deportation -- (individuals or groups) without trial or charges. Article 5. In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights: (d) Other civil rights, in particular: (ii) The right to leave any country, including one's own, and to return to one's country; Reg. 119. Home demolition -- or private or commercial property demolition (on individual or entire neighborhoods) without charges or trial. Article 5. In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights: (b) The right to security of person and protection by the State against violence or bodily harm, whether inflicted by government officials or by any individual group or institution; (d) Other civil rights, in particular: (v) The right to own property alone as well as in association with others; (e) Economic, social and cultural rights, in particular: (iii) The right to housing; Article 6. States Parties shall assure to everyone within their jurisdiction effective protection and remedies, through the competent national tribunals and other State institutions, against any acts of racial discrimination which violate his human rights and fundamental freedoms contrary to this Convention, as well as the right to seek from such tribunals just and adequate reparation or satisfaction for any damage suffered as a result of such discrimination. Reg. 124 & 125. Curfew & Closures -- (for individuals or entire neighborhoods or village lands) without charges or trial. Article 5. In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights: (d) Other civil rights, in particular: (i) The right to freedom of movement and residence within the border of the State; Summaries of some of the Defense (Emergency) Regulations (1945) 3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (16 December 1966) Reg. 84. Unlawful Association -- empowers an Israeli government official or military commander to declare any body or persons or organization, whether incorporated or not, to be an unlawful association. Thus any person who joins such an organization, or attends their meetings may be subject to fine or imprisonment. Article 21. The right of peaceful assembly shall be recognized. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those imposed in conformity with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order (ordre public), the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. Article 22. 1. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of his interests. 2. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those which are prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order (ordre public), the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. This article shall not prevent the imposition of lawful restrictions on members of the armed forces and of the police in their exercise of this right. 3. Nothing in this article shall authorize States Parties to the International Labour Organisation Convention of 1948 concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize to take legislative measures which would prejudice, or to apply the law in such a manner as to prejudice, the guarantees provided for in that Convention. Reg. 94. Censorship of Newspapers -- This regulation has been expanded to include all forms of modern publication and media (textbooks, videos, etc.). Article 19. 1. Everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference. 2. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice. 3. The exercise of the rights provided for in paragraph 2 of this article carries with it special duties and responsibilities. It may therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but these shall only be such as are provided by law and are necessary: (a) For respect of the rights or reputations of others; (b) For the protection of national security or of public order (ordre public), or of public health or morals. Reg. 110. Home Area Detentions -- this regulation empowers the area commander to order civilians to stay in any place of his chosing, and for as long as he choses. Article 12. 1. Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within that territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence. Reg. 111. Administrative Detention -- Imprisonment (individuals or groups) without charges or trial, called officially 'administrative detention'. The military has amended the regulation to include system of review and appeal. Article 9. 1. Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law. 2. Anyone who is arrested shall be informed, at the time of arrest, of the reasons for his arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him. 3. Anyone arrested or detained on a criminal charge shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release. It shall not be the general rule that persons awaiting trial shall be detained in custody, but release may be subject to guarantees to appear for trial, at any other stage of the judicial proceedings, and, should occasion arise, for execution of the judgement. 4. Anyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings before a court, in order that that court may decide without delay on the lawfulness of his detention and order his release if the detention is not lawful. 5. Anyone who has been the victim of unlawful arrest or detention shall have an enforceable right to compensation. Reg. 112. Deportation -- (individuals or groups) without trial or charges. Article 12. 4. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country. Reg. 119. Home demolition -- or private or commercial property demolition (on individual or entire neighborhoods) without charges or trial. Article 10. 3. The penitentiary system shall comprise treatment of prisoners the essential aim of which shall be their reformation and social rehabilitation. Article 17. 1. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour and reputation. 2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. Reg. 124 & 125. Curfew & Closures -- (for individuals or entire neighborhoods or village lands) without charges or trial. Article 12. 1. Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within that territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence. 2. Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own. 3. The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those which are provided by law, are necessary to protect national security, public order (ordre public), public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Covenant. 4. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country. Summaries of some of the Defense (Emergency) Regulations (1945) 4. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (16 December 1966) Reg. 84. Unlawful Association -- empowers an Israeli government official or military commander to declare any body or persons or organization, whether incorporated or not, to be an unlawful association. Thus any person who joins such an organization, or attends their meetings may be subject to fine or imprisonment. - not really applicable - Reg. 94. Censorship of Newspapers -- This regulation has been expanded to include all forms of modern publication and media (textbooks, videos, etc.). - not really applicable - Reg. 110. Home Area Detentions -- this regulation empowers the area commander to order civilians to stay in any place of his chosing, and for as long as he choses. - not really applicable - Reg. 111. Administrative Detention -- Imprisonment (individuals or groups) without charges or trial, called officially 'administrative detention'. The military has amended the regulation to include system of review and appeal. - not really applicable - Reg. 112. Deportation -- (individuals or groups) without trial or charges. - not really applicable - Reg. 119. Home demolition -- or private or commercial property demolition (on individual or entire neighborhoods) without charges or trial. - not really applicable - Reg. 124 & 125. Curfew & Closures -- (for individuals or entire neighborhoods or village lands) without charges or trial. - not really applicable - Summaries of some of the Defense (Emergency) Regulations (1945) 5. International Covenant on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (18 July 1976) Reg. 84. Unlawful Association -- empowers an Israeli government official or military commander to declare any body or persons or organization, whether incorporated or not, to be an unlawful association. Thus any person who joins such an organization, or attends their meetings may be subject to fine or imprisonment. Reg. 94. Censorship of Newspapers -- This regulation has been expanded to include all forms of modern publication and media (textbooks, videos, etc.). Reg. 110. Home Area Detentions -- this regulation empowers the area commander to order civilians to stay in any place of his chosing, and for as long as he choses. Reg. 111. Administrative Detention -- Imprisonment (individuals or groups) without charges or trial, called officially 'administrative detention'. The military has amended the regulation to include system of review and appeal. Reg. 112. Deportation -- (individuals or groups) without trial or charges. Reg. 119. Home demolition -- or private or commercial property demolition (on individual or entire neighborhoods) without charges or trial. Reg. 124 & 125. Curfew & Closures -- (for individuals or entire neighborhoods or village lands) without charges or trial. Article II. a. Denial to a member or members of a racial group or groups of the right to life and liberty of person: i. By murder of members of a racial group or groups; ii. By the infliction upon the members of a racial group or groups of serious bodily or mental harm, by the infringement of their freedom or dignity, or by subjecting them to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; iii. By arbitrary arrest and illegal imprisonment of the members of a racial group or groups; f. Persecution of organizations and persons, by depriving them of fundamental rights and freedoms, because they oppose apartheid.

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(C) Israel Law Resource Center, February, 2007.